Statistical analysis of AZT effect on CD4 cell counts in HIV disease

1996 ◽  
pp. 194-196
Author(s):  
A.J. McNeil ◽  
S.M. Gore ◽  
R.P. Brettle ◽  
A.G. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Markov modelling of viral load adjusting for CD4 orthogonal variable and multivariate conditional autoregressive mapping of the HIV immunological outcomes among ART patients in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni ◽  
Tobias F. Chirwa ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Eustasius Musenge
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background This study aimed to jointly model HIV disease progression patterns based on viral load (VL) among adult ART patients adjusting for the time-varying “incremental transients states” variable, and the CD4 cell counts orthogonal variable in a single 5-stage time-homogenous multistate Markov model. We further jointly mapped the relative risks of HIV disease progression outcomes (detectable VL (VL ≥ 50copies/uL) and immune deterioration (CD4 < 350cells/uL) at the last observed visit) conditional not to have died or become loss to follow-up (LTFU). Methods Secondary data analysis of individual-level patients on ART was performed. Adjusted transition intensities, hazard ratios (HR) and regression coefficients were estimated from the joint multistate model of VL and CD4 cell counts. The mortality and LTFU transition rates defined the extent of patients’ retention in care. Joint mapping of HIV disease progression outcomes after ART initiation was done using the Bayesian intrinsic Multivariate Conditional Autoregressive prior model. Results The viral rebound from the undetectable state was 1.78times more likely compared to viral suppression among patients with VL ranging from 50-1000copies/uL. Patients with CD4 cell counts lower than expected had a higher risk of viral increase above 1000copies/uL and death if their VL was above 1000copies/uL (state 2 to 3 (λ23): HR = 1.83 and (λ34): HR = 1.42 respectively). Regarding the time-varying effects of CD4 cell counts on the VL transition rates, as the VL increased, (λ12 and λ23) the transition rates increased with a decrease in the CD4 cell counts over time. Regardless of the individual’s VL, the transition rates to become LTFU decreased with a decrease in CD4 cell counts. We observed a strong shared geographical pattern of 66% spatial correlation between the relative risks of detectable VL and immune deterioration after ART initiation, mainly in Matabeleland North. Conclusion With high rates of viral rebound, interventions which encourage ART adherence and continual educational support on the barriers to ART uptake are crucial to achieve and sustain viral suppression to undetectable levels. Area-specific interventions which focus on early ART screening through self-testing, behavioural change campaigns and social support strategies should be strengthened in heavily burdened regions to sustain the undetectable VL. Sustaining undetectable VL lowers HIV transmission in the general population and this is a step towards achieving zero HIV incidences by 2030.

The Relationship Between HIV Antibody Titer, HIV Viral Load, HIV p24 Antigen, and CD4 T-cell Count Among Iranian HIV-positive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-757
Author(s):  
Majedeh Moradbeigi ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Mansour Sajadipour ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
Esfandiar Shojaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously measure and assess the correlation between the available HIV infection parameters including HIV antibody, p24 Antigen, CD4 cell count, and viral load at the different stages of HIV disease among HIV-positive individuals in Iran. Materials and methods: Fifty HIV-positive individuals were classified into three stages (1, 2, and 3) according to the HIV disease stages classification, available in Control of Disease and Prevention (CDC) guideline. 10 ml of the venous blood sample was collected to run the tests for HIV antibody and p24 Ag levels, CD4 cell counts, and viral load. Pearson’s correlation test was employed to calculate the coefficients for the in-between correlation of different HIV parameters in each stage. Results: Of 50 participants, 17 (34%), 25 (50%), and 8 (16%) patients belonged to stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Sexual relationship was the main route of HIV transmission among the patients (36%); however, injecting drug use (20%) was also reported frequently. There was no significant correlation between the parameters of HIV disease in different stages in the present study. Conclusion: The findings showed no correlation between HIV parameters in the present study. Considering the fact that the association of HIV antibodies with HIV disease progression in infected individuals is independent of HIV-1 RNA levels, combined measurement of HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell counts should be routinely carried out in HIV infected patients follow up.

scholarly journals The influence of CD 4+t cells, hiv disease stage and zidovudine on hiv isolation in Bahia, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Brites ◽  
Célia Pedroso ◽  
Nanci Silva ◽  
Warren D Johnson Jr ◽  
Roberto Badaró
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Capture Assay ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Indeterminate Western Blot

HIV-l isolation was attempted on 72 individuais, including persons with knoum HIV infection and five without proven HIV infection but with indeterminate Western blot patterns, as well as on low-risk HIV seronegative persons. The ahility to detect HIV- 1 frorn culture supernatant by p24 antigen capture assay was evaluated by segregating patients by absolute CD4+ cell counts, clinicai stage of disease, p24 antigenemia and zidovudine use. The likelihood of a p24 positive HIV culture was highest among patients with CD4+ T-cell counts below 200/ul and patients with advanced clinical disease. Use of zidovudine did not affect the rate ofHIV positwity in cultures.

scholarly journals Common dermatological conditions in the HIV patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Motswaledi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The introduction of antiretroviral medication has changed the epidemiology, morbidity and mortality of HIV disease. Nevertheless, cutaneous disorders due to HIV infection remain a major problem in HIV-infected patients. These disorders are mainly infections, inflammatory and neoplastic in origin. Some of these disorders occur at normal CD4 cell counts, while others occur typically at low CD4 cell counts. Clinicians should be aware of various presentations of these disorders and their treatment as they can impact negatively on patient’s quality of life

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