New material of scalidophoran worms in Orsten-type preservation from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaqiao Zhang ◽  
Andreas Maas ◽  
Dieter Waloszek
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Small Shelly Fossils ◽  
New Material ◽  
Type Preservation

AbstractScalidophoran worms diversified in the Cambrian Fortunian, as indicated by recent reports from this stage, with two described species and two more unnamed forms exclusively from Orsten-type Lagerstätten yielding three-dimensionally phosphatized fossils. Here, we report new material of scalidophoran worms in Orsten-type preservation from the Cambrian Fortunian Xinli section in northern Sichuan Province, South China. At least five forms of scalidophoran worms were recovered from this location, including Eokinorhynchus rarus Zhang et al., 2015 and four unnamed taxa—Forms A, B, C, and D. Co-occurring disassociated spinose small shelly fossils might also be isolated cuticular elements of these early scalidophoran worms. The ontogeny of Eokinorhynchus rarus is revised. Forms A, C, and D are assigned to total-group Scalidophora to indicate their uncertain positions within Scalidophora, while Form B might be a close relative of Eokinorhynchus rarus. The current work highlights the significance of Orsten-type Lagerstätten in uncovering the morphology, ontogeny, and taxonomy of early Scalidophora and Cycloneuralia, made particularly available by the new finds in China.

scholarly journals Biodiversity across the Guadalupian-Lopingian Boundary: first results on the ostracod (Crustacea) fauna, Chaotian section (Sichuan Province, South China)

Geodiversitas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindbad Zazzali ◽  
Sylvie Crasquin ◽  
Jean-François Deconinck ◽  
Qinglai Feng
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
First Results

Early Carboniferous athyridid brachiopods from the Qaidam Basin, northwest China

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Qiang Chen ◽  
G. R. Shi ◽  
Li-Pei Zhan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South China ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Moscow Basin ◽  
New Material

Four new Early Carboniferous athyridid species in three genera, including one new genus, Bruntonathyris, are described from the Qaidam Basin, northwest China: Lamellosathyris qaidamensis, Bruntonathyris amunikeensis, Bruntonathyris? heijianshanensis, and Lochengia qinghaiensis. Based on the new material and also on published information, we also reviewed the taxonomic composition and the stratigraphic and paleogeographic distributions of the three genera. As a result, Lamellosathyris is considered to be indicative of late Famennian to Viséan age, originating in late Famennian in central North America and Armenia of Russia, respectively. Later, the genus appears to have two migratory directions: one branch rapidly dispersed over Mississippi Valley, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico of central North America in Tournaisian; alternatively, another branch from Armenia migrated westerly to Belgium, France, Spain, Britain, Ireland, via the Moscow Basin and Ural seaway, eastward to the Tienshan Mountains and Qaidam Basin of northwest China during the Tournaisian to Viséan, and easterly along the southern shelves of the Paleo-Tethys to Iran and western Yunnan of southwestern China in Tournaisian. Both Bruntonathyris and Lochengia are restrictedly Tournaisian to Viséan in age, and probably originated in the Qaidam Basin. Later, Bruntonathyris migrated easterly to South China and Japan, and westerly to Urals, Moscow Basin, Donetsk Basin and Britain; Lochengia migrated easterly to South China and westerly to the Urals seaway and the adjoined Russian Platform (i.e., both the Moscow and Donetsk Basins).

New material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Cambrian Paibian Stage of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhuan Liu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Tiequan Shao ◽  
Huaqiao Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
Western Hunan ◽  
Fossil Embryos

AbstractSome rare microscopic cycloneuralians are present in the Cambrian of South China, represented by Eopriapulites and Eokinorhynchus (both early Cambrian), fossil embryos of Markuelia (middle to late Cambrian), and palaeoscolecids (early to late Cambrian). Among them, palaeoscolecids are relatively diverse and abundant. Here, we describe new material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Paibian Stage of Wangcun Lagerstätte, western Hunan, South China. New material includes fossil embryos assignable to Markuelia sp., two other types of fossil embryos, and three species of palaeoscolecids, including Dispinoscolex decorus Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, Schistoscolex hunanensis Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, and Austroscolex sinensis new species. The palaeoscolecid fragments differ mainly in size and armor of the trunk annuli. Since Eokinorhynchus and Eopriapulites occurred the earliest among the Cambrian cycloneuralians, it is proposed here that: (1) cycloneuralians originated in the Cambrian Fortunian small shelly faunas rather than in the early Cambrian macrobenthos, (2) ancestral cycloneuralians may have simple trunk armor, and (3) Eopriapulites represents an ancestral cycloneuralian.

scholarly journals A new species of the large-headed coastal marine turtle Solnhofia (Testudinata, Thalassochelydia) from the Late Jurassic of NW Switzerland

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9931
Author(s):  
Jérémy Anquetin ◽  
Christian Püntener
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Ventral View ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Large Head ◽  
New Material ◽  
Nw Switzerland

Background The large-headed turtle Solnhofia parsonsi is known by a handful of specimens from the Late Jurassic of Germany and Switzerland (maybe also France). Solnhofia parsonsi is traditionally regarded as a “eurysternid” Thalassochelydia, a group of small to medium sized, mostly lagoonal or marginal turtles found almost exclusively in the Late Jurassic of Europe. More recently, Solnhofia parsonsi has been proposed to be a close relative of Sandownidae, an enigmatic group of Cretaceous to Paleogene turtles characterized by a derived cranial anatomy and a wider geographical distribution. Sandownids may therefore have evolved from thalassochelydian ancestors such as Solnhofia parsonsi. Methods We herein describe new material of Solnhofia from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Porrentruy, NW Switzerland. The bulk of the material consists of an association of a cranium and over 180 shell bones found together in a block of marly limestone. A second cranium and a mandible from slightly younger, but nearby localities are also described. Results We refer the new material to Solnhofia brachyrhyncha n. sp. The new species shares with Solnhofia parsonsi a relatively large head, an extensive secondary palate formed primarily by the maxillae, a greatly developed processus trochlearis oticum with a contribution from the parietal and quadratojugal, a large jugal-palatine contact in the floor of the fossa orbitalis, and a posteromedial process of the jugal running on the dorsal surface of the maxilla and pterygoid. Some of these characteristics are also present in sandownids, but our morphological study clearly shows that Solnhofia brachyrhyncha is closer to Solnhofia parsonsi than to any sandownids. Discussion Solnhofia brachyrhyncha differs from Solnhofia parsonsi in many aspects, notably: a shortened and broader cranium, a shorter and posteriorly broader upper triturating surface with a slightly sinusoidal lateral margin and without contribution from the palatine, a processus trochlearis oticum more oblique in dorsal or ventral view and less concave in anterior view, choanae that do not extend posteriorly on the pterygoids, a more developed processus pterygoideus externus, a condylus mandibularis situated anterior to the level of the occipital plane, a greater ventral exposure of the parabasisphenoid, a mandible about as wide as long, a relatively short symphysis, a lower triturating surface widened posterolaterally thanks to the presence of large laterally projecting dentary tubercles, a stouter and shorter coronoid process, a splenial positioned more anteriorly along the mandibular ramus, costo-peripheral fontanelles extending more anteriorly and posteriorly along the costal series, and an escutcheon shaped central plastral fontanelle formed mostly by the hypoplastra. In addition to the morphology of the new species, we also briefly discuss about observable ontogenetic variations and possible taphonomic origin of the assemblage.

Terreneuvian bio- and chemostratigraphy of the South Sichuan Region (South China)

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-167
Author(s):  
Ben Yang ◽  
Michael Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
South China ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
The South ◽  
Yangtze Craton ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Small Shelly Fossils ◽  
Assemblage Zone ◽  
Supplementary Material

Classical sections, such as the Maidiping and Daqiao Mine sections of South Sichuan (China), expose early Cambrian deposits that are crucial for understanding the biological and environmental evolution of Yangtze Craton. These sequences are rich in Terreneuvian small shelly fossils, which can be assigned to assemblages I and III from South China. The Anabarites trisulcatus– Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone (Assemblage I) is recognized at the lower Maidiping Formation. The second assemblage (Paragloborilus subglobosus – Purella squamulosa Assemblage Zone) cannot be verified in South Sichuan, although previous reports claimed its existence based on the occurrence of Paragloborilus subglobosus. The third assemblage (Watsonella crosbyi Assemblage Zone) is confirmed in the upper Maidiping Formation. The abundant bioclasts in this interval indicate abrasions and bioerosions by winnowing or starved sedimentation. Carbon isotope values from the Maidiping section present no negative excursion at the presumed Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. A positive carbon isotope excursion is observed in the upper Maidiping Formation (Assemblage III) which is correlated to the ZHUCE excursion in the Dahai Member of eastern Yunnan. The shallow water deposits of South Sichuan can be correlated with the South China, western Mongolia and Siberia successions based on biozonations and carbon isotope trends.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosionSupplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5326834

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