New material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Cambrian Paibian Stage of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhuan Liu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Tiequan Shao ◽  
Huaqiao Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
Western Hunan ◽  
Fossil Embryos

AbstractSome rare microscopic cycloneuralians are present in the Cambrian of South China, represented by Eopriapulites and Eokinorhynchus (both early Cambrian), fossil embryos of Markuelia (middle to late Cambrian), and palaeoscolecids (early to late Cambrian). Among them, palaeoscolecids are relatively diverse and abundant. Here, we describe new material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Paibian Stage of Wangcun Lagerstätte, western Hunan, South China. New material includes fossil embryos assignable to Markuelia sp., two other types of fossil embryos, and three species of palaeoscolecids, including Dispinoscolex decorus Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, Schistoscolex hunanensis Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, and Austroscolex sinensis new species. The palaeoscolecid fragments differ mainly in size and armor of the trunk annuli. Since Eokinorhynchus and Eopriapulites occurred the earliest among the Cambrian cycloneuralians, it is proposed here that: (1) cycloneuralians originated in the Cambrian Fortunian small shelly faunas rather than in the early Cambrian macrobenthos, (2) ancestral cycloneuralians may have simple trunk armor, and (3) Eopriapulites represents an ancestral cycloneuralian.

Fossil embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China

Nature ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 427 (6971) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-ping Dong ◽  
Philip C. J. Donoghue ◽  
Hong Cheng ◽  
Jian-bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Middle And Late Cambrian ◽  
Fossil Embryos

scholarly journals Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician conodonts from Hunan, South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (S73) ◽  
pp. 1-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-ping Dong ◽  
Huaqiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
Western Hunan

AbstractSince 1986, samples with a total mass of more than 14,000 kg, mainly from three key sections in western Hunan, South China, have been processed for conodonts. Previous work mainly focused on biostratigraphy, but the taxonomy has been performed only on the faunas of the middle Cambrian. Described herein are conodonts of the upper Cambrian (Furongian Series) through lowermost Ordovician from Hunan, South China. Conodonts of the middle Cambrian are redescribed, based on material that has been recovered for more than three decades. The fauna consists of 82 species belonging to 36 genera. Newly established genera areLugnathusn. gen.,Miaognathusn. gen.,Millerodontusn. gen.,Tujiagnathusn. gen.,Wangcunellan. gen. andWangcunognathusn. gen. New species areCoelocerodontus hunanensisn. sp.,Furnishina wangcunensisn. sp.,Laiwugnathus hunanensisn. sp.,Laiwugnathus transitansn. sp.,Lugnathus hunanensisn. gen. n. sp.,Miaognathus multicostatusn. gen. n. sp.,Millerodontus intermediusn. gen. n. sp.,Prosagittodontus compressusn. sp.,Tujiagnathus gracilisn. gen. n. sp.,Wangcunella conicusn. gen. n. sp.,Wangcunognathus elegansn. gen. n. sp.,Westergaardodina dimorphan. sp.,Westergaardodina gigantean. sp., andWestergaardodina solan. sp. The taxonomy of some conodont genera is revised. In the light of histological investigation, genera are assigned to euconodonts, paraconodonts, or protoconodonts. The 13 conodont zones previously proposed in the middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician remain the same, but taxa within these conodont zones are documented more clearly because of the revised taxonomy proposed herein.

Classification of the Late Cambrian trilobite Idiomesus Raymond

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Ludvigsen ◽  
Stephen R. Westrop
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cambrian Trilobite

Idiomesus Raymond, 1924 has been considered to be a Late Cambrian member of the blind family Shumardiidae on the basis of its small size, absence of eyes, effacement, and marginal sutures. However, evaluation of new material, including previously undescribed species, demonstrates that Idiomesus is a member of the ptychaspidid subfamily Ptychaspidinae. The genus now includes both sighted and blind species, as well as furrowed and effaced species with both marginal and opisthoparian sutures. New species are Idiomesus granti, I. greggi, and I. ultimus.

scholarly journals Malongitubus: a possible pterobranch hemichordate from the early Cambrian of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixue Hu ◽  
Bernd-D. Erdtmann ◽  
Michael Steiner ◽  
Yuandong Zhang ◽  
Fangchen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Mass Occurrence ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
New Material ◽  
Chengjiang Lagerstätte

AbstractMalongitubus kuangshanensis Hu, 2005 from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of China is redescribed as a pterobranch and provides the best evidence to demonstrate that hemichordates were present as early as Cambrian Stage 3. Interpretation of this taxon as a hemichordate is based on the morphology of the branched colony and the presence of resistant inner threads consistent with the remains of an internal stolon system. The presence of fusellar rings in the colonial tubes cannot be unambiguously proven for Malongitubus, probably due to early decay and later diagenetic replacement of the thin organic material of the tubarium, although weak annulations are still discernible in parts of the tubes. The description of M. kuangshanensis is revised according to new observations of previously reported specimens and recently collected additional new material. Malongitubus appears similar in most features to Dalyia racemata Walcott, 1919 from the Cambrian Stage 5 Burgess Shale, but can be distinguished by the existence of disc-like thickenings at the bases of tubarium branching points in the latter species. Both species occur in rare mass-occurrence layers with preserved fragmentary individuals of different decay stages, with stolon remains preserved as the most durable structures. Benthic pterobranchs may have occurred in some early Cambrian shallow marine communities in dense accumulations and provided firm substrates and shelter for other benthic metazoans as secondary tierers.

scholarly journals A problematic animal fossil from the early Cambrian Hetang Formation, South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (06) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tang ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Guwei Xie ◽  
Xunlai Yuan ◽  
Bin Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Incomplete Picture ◽  
Animal Taxon

AbstractThe lower-middle Hetang Formation (Cambrian Stage 2–3) deposited in slope-basinal facies in South China is well known for its preservation of the earliest articulated sponge fossils, providing an important taphonomic window into the Cambrian Explosion. However, the Hetang Formation also hosts a number of problematic animal fossils that have not been systematically described. This omission results in an incomplete picture of the Hetang biota and limits its contribution to the understanding of the early evolution of animals. Here we describe a new animal taxon, Cambrowania ovata Tang and Xiao, new genus new species, from the middle Hetang Formation in the Lantian area of southern Anhui Province, South China. Specimens are preserved as carbonaceous compressions, although some are secondarily mineralized. A comprehensive analysis using reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-CT reveals that the new species is characterized by a spheroidal to fusoidal truss-like structure consisting of rafter-like crossbars, some of which are secondarily baritized and may have been internally hollow. Some specimens have aperture-like structures that are broadly similar to oscula of sponges, whereas others show evidence of a medial split reminiscent of gaping carapaces. While the phylogenetic affinity of Cambrowania ovata Tang and Xiao, n. gen. n. sp. remains problematic, we propose that it may represent carapaces of bivalved arthropods or more likely sponges in early life stages. Along with other problematic metazoan fossils such as hyolithids and sphenothallids, Cambrowania ovata Tang and Xiao, n. gen. n. sp. adds to the diversity of the sponge-dominated Hetang biota in an early Cambrian deepwater slope-basinal environment.UUID: http://zoobank.org/44de9472-7e3f-42d1-9554-7b3434df91d9

Early Cambrian Lingulellotreta (Lingulata, Brachiopoda) from South Kazakhstan (Malyi Karatau Range) and South China (Eastern Yunnan)

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E. Holmer ◽  
Leonid E. Popov ◽  
Svetlana P. Koneva ◽  
Rong Jia-Yu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lowermost Part

“Lingulepis’ malongensis Rong from the upper part of the Lower Cambrian Chiungchussu Formation of Yunnan is referred to Lingulellotreta Koneva; L. malongensis (=Lingulellotreta ergalievi Koneva) is redescribed on the basis of new material from the Lower Cambrian of south Kazakhstan. It is the earliest known taxon of the Lingulellotretidae, which is unique within the Linguloidea in having an elongate pedicle foramen and internal pedicle tube. The occurrence of Lingulellotreta malongensis in south China is considered usually to be of Atdabanian age, but brachiopod based correlation with south Kazakhstan suggests that a possible Botomian or younger age, for both the upper part of Chiungchussu Formation in Yunnan and the lowermost part of Shabakty Group in the Malyi Karatau Range, is equally plausible.

scholarly journals A xandarellid artiopodan from Morocco – a middle Cambrian link between soft-bodied euarthropod communities in North Africa and South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ortega-Hernández ◽  
Abdelfattah Azizi ◽  
Thomas W. Hearing ◽  
Thomas H. P. Harvey ◽  
Gregory D. Edgecombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Africa ◽  
South China ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
West Gondwana ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Chengjiang Biota ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Abstract Xandarellida is a well-defined clade of Lower Palaeozoic non-biomineralized artiopodans that is exclusively known from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang biota of South China. Here we describe a new member of this group, Xandarella mauretanica sp. nov., from the middle Cambrian (Stage 5) Tatelt Formation of Morocco, making this the first non-trilobite Cambrian euarthropod known from North Africa. X. mauretanica sp. nov. represents the youngest occurrence of Xandarellida – extending its stratigraphic range by approximately 10 million years – and expands the palaeobiogeographic distribution of the group to the high southern palaeolatitudes of West Gondwana. The new species provides insights into the lightly sclerotized ventral anatomy of Xandarellida, and offers stratigraphically older evidence for a palaeobiogeographic connection between Burgess Shale-type euarthropod communities in North Africa and South China, relative to the (Tremadocian) Fezouata biota.

Isoxys (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Williams ◽  
David J. Siveter ◽  
John S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
North Greenland

The marine offshore shelf mudstones of the Early Cambrian Buen Formation at Sirius Passet, North Greenland, contain a rich Konservat-Lagerstätte which includes abundant well-preserved material of the bivalved arthropod Isoxys volucris new species. The new material confirms Isoxys Walcott, 1890 as a component of the earliest arthropod faunas worldwide. Isoxys species are known from the Early Cambrian of Spain, Siberia, South Australia and Southwest China and also from the Early to Middle Cambrian of Laurentian North America. Isoxys occurs in the Redlichiid, Bigotinid and Olenellid trilobite faunal realms but is restricted to within tropical/subtropical regions, attesting to possible paleolatitudinal controls on its distribution. Isoxys resembles some phyllocarid and bradoriid arthropods but without knowledge of its soft-parts the affinity of the genus remains uncertain.

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