scholarly journals One name to rule them all: Belinurus trilobitoides (Buckland, ) is senior synonym to fourteen named species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Lamsdell
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
The Subject

One of the oldest fossil horseshoe crabs figured in the literature is Entomolithus lunatus Martin, 1809, a Carboniferous species included in his Petrificata Derbiensia. While the species has generally been included within the genus Belinurus Bronn, 1839, it was recently used as the type species of the new genus Parabelinurus Lamsdell, 2020. However, recent investigation as to the appropriate authority for Belinurus (see Lamsdell and Clapham, 2021) revealed that all the names in Petrificata Derbiensia were suppressed in Opinion 231 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1954) for being consistently nonbinomial under Article 11.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Despite the validation of several species names for anthozoans, brachiopods, and cephalopods described in Petrificata Derbiensia in subsequent rulings (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956a, b), Belinurus lunatus has not been the subject of any subsequent Commission ruling or opinion, and so its use in Petrificata Derbiensia remains suppressed. The Belinurus lunatus species name was used in several subsequent publications during the 1800s, none of which made the name available under ICZN article 11.5; Parkinson (1811) is also suppressed for being nonbinomial, while Woodward (1830), Buckland (1837), Bronn (1839), and Baily (1859) refer to the species only as a synonym of Belinurus trilobitoides (Buckland, 1837) through citation to the suppressed Pretificata Derbiensia. The first author to make Belinurus lunatus an available name was Baldwin (1905), who used the name in reference to a new figured specimen from Sparth Bottoms, Rochdale, UK, but again as an explicit junior synonym of Belinurus trilobitoides (Buckland, 1837). Therefore, it was not until Eller (1938) treated B. lunatus as a distinct species from B. trilobitoides that B. lunatus became an available name as per ICZN Article 11.6.1 under the authorship of Baldwin (1905) following ICZN Article 50.7.

Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Portugal: genus-group names and  their type species

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1453 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRISTmO BRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
International Code ◽  
Senior Synonym

The type species and nomenclature are discussed in detail of the genus-group names that have been used, correctly or incorrectly, in combination with species recorded from Portugal. This work strictly adheres to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, in order to promote nomenclatural stability. The contents are strictly nomenclatural as no view is taken on the taxonomic validity or rank of the genus-group names. A total of 171 available names are examined. Evidence is provided in each case for the reasons why the stated nominal species is believed to be the validly designated type species. Many instances were found in the modern literature of type species statements not in compliance with the requirements of the Code. In most cases it is a senior synonym that is stated as type species, instead of the nominal species originally included when the genus was established. That, fortunately, does not cause nomenclatural instability but should be corrected. In three cases where nomenclatural stability is threatened, Anisoplia Schönherr, 1817, Phyllopertha Stephens, 1830, and Scarabaeus Linnaeus, 1758, it is suggested that prevailing usage should be maintained until a case is made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature and a ruling is published.

scholarly journals Recent proposals on nomenclature of dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
International Code ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

The recent proposals to conserve or reject dinoflagellate names are commented. The Nomenclatural Committee for Algae (NCA) recommended to conserve Scrippsiella against Heteraulacus and Goniodoma (proposal #2382). The synonymy of Peridinium acuminatum and Glenodinium trochoideum is highly questionable, and one Steins illustration of Goniodoma acuminatum as type will solve the doubts. An alternative genus and family name for the gonyaulacoid taxa formerly classified in Goniodoma is not provided, and Scrippsiella is a junior synonym of Duboscquodinium. The NCA confirmed Amphidoma acuminata as type species against A. nucula (2577). Stein established Amphidoma nucula as the representative species of the genus, and the poor-defined A. acuminata is associated with higher nomenclatural instability because it is probably a Centrodinium species. The NCA recommended Heterocapsa steinii as type of Heterocapsa (2607). That species name is a junior synonym of Properidinium heterocapsum and Peridinium monas. That taxon and allied species should be placed in Cachonina because Stein proposed Heterocapsa for three species of the Kryptoperidiniaceae. The proposal to conserve Alexandrium against Blepharocysta (2686) is based on that Peridinium splendor-maris is a senior synonym of Alexandrium balechii, currently classified in Gessnerium. Peridinium splendor-maris is a collective name that includes undefined organisms, and no description or illustration corresponded to Alexandrium or Gessnerium. The NCA reported that Alexandrium catenella and A. fundyensis are synonyms, without comments on A. pacificum (2302). The consequence is that one of the five species of that group has not name. Naming taxa should follow the principle of priority and the article 7.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, and rejection or conservation of names should be exceptional. Based on a supposed nomenclatural stability, the NCA is creating arbitrariness and instability in naming dinoflagellate taxa based on questionable taxonomical interpretations.

A reappraisal of Bufo levicristatus Boettger, 1885 (Anura: Bufonidae), a long forgotten toad from Paraguay

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5023 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
MARTÍN O. PEREYRA ◽  
KONSTANTIN D. MILTO ◽  
FRANCISCO BRUSQUETTI ◽  
FRANCISCO KOLENC ◽  
DIEGO BALDO
Keyword(s):  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Senior Synonym

In this work, we show that Bufo levicristatus Boettger, 1885 is a senior synonym of Bufo scitulus Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003, and not a junior synonym of Bufo ornatus Spix, 1824, as previously considered. In addition, we present evidence that Bufo scitulus Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003 complies with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature requirements for a reversal of precedence over the name Bufo levicristatus Boettger, 1885, and so the name Bufo scitulus is to be maintained for this species.  

Pagurodofleinia, a replacement generic name for Dofleinia McLaughlin & Asakura, 2004 (Crustacea: Decapoda),  preoccupied by Dofleinia Wassilieff, 1908 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1089 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
AKIRA ASAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
International Code

It has been called to my attention that the generic name Dofleinia, established by McLaughlin and Asakura (2004) for Parapagurodes doederleini (Doflein, 1902), is a junior subjective homonym of Dofleinia Wassilieff, 1908 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniidae).  In accordance with Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), I now propose Pagurodofleinia as a replacement name. The type species, Catapagurus doederleini Doflein, 1902, the gender (feminine), and the etymology (named for F. Doflein who first described the type species) remain as given by McLaughlin & Asakura (2004), as does the generic diagnosis.

scholarly journals Validation of new genus the Miniagraecia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3198 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
DCF RENTZ ◽  
YOU NING SU ◽  
N. UESHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
International Code ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Fixed Type

It has been pointed out that there is an error in our recent paper (Rentz et al., 2012). On p. 24 we designated Miniagraecia viridis Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. as the type species of  the new genus Miniagraecia. However there is no such species.  There was a manuscript change in the name of the species and we did not catch it in the type species designation.  Miniagraecia is therefore a nomen nudum. Miniagraecia viridis is not a nominal species and Miniagraecia does not now have a fixed type species (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 67.1).

On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
PATRICK DAVID ◽  
GERNOT VOGEL ◽  
ALAIN DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Current Content

This paper analyzes the consequences of the non-respect of the Rules of the Code to ascertain the valid subsequent designation of the nucleospecies (type species) of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804. The long accepted designation was invalid because it was based on a nominal species which was not among the prenucleospecies (originally included species) of the nominal genus. In contrast with the commonly accepted viewpoint which makes the Indian taxon Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802 the nucleospecies of the genus, we show that this role is played by Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804, a species inhabiting the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor and, as a nomen oblitum, a senior synonym of Trimeresurus albolabris insularis Kramer, 1977, a taxon now considered a distinct species. The important nomenclatural implications of this finding are discussed here, especially with regard to the recent splitting of the genus Trimeresurus. The generic nomen Trimeresurus should be associated with the Trimeresurus albolabris group of species currently placed in the genus or subgenus Cryptelytrops Cope, 1860. A lectophoront (lectotype) is selected and described for Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804. Coluber viridis Bechstein, 1802 is an invalid objective junior synonym of Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802. The current content of the genus Trimeresurus and of its eight subgenera is provided. Some clarifications or improvements to the Code are suggested.

Nomenclatural clarification on some Southern African monkey beetle genera (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini: Pachycnemina)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
MARIO CUPELLO ◽  
CIBELE STRAMARE RIBEIRO-COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Current Usage

After an extensive revision of the literature, we come to the following conclusions concerning the nomenclature of Southern African monkey beetles of the subtribe Pachycnemina: firstly, the current usage of the nominal subgenus Pachycnemula Schein, 1959 for a subgenus taxon different from Pachycnema s. str. Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828 is incorrect since both names share the same type species—Melolontha crassipes Fabricius, 1775—and are therefore objective synonyms. Hence, here we invalidate Pachycnemula and establish the new nominal subgenus Macacoplia Cupello & Ribeiro-Costa to denote the subgenus taxon currently known as Pachycnema (Pachycnemula). Secondly, we discuss the different spellings of the nominal genus Lepithrix Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828, which was originally established as Lepitrix but emended to Lepithrix in 1913 by Dalla Torre. Although originally an unjustified emendation, the Lepithrix spelling is currently in prevailing usage and therefore should be deemed a justified emendation according to Article 33.2.3.1 of the current edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. That being so, it becomes necessary to acknowledge the homonymy between Lepithrix Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville and its junior homonym Lepithrix Neitner, 1857, current junior synonym of Loxoncus Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 (Carabidae: Harpalinae: Harpalini: Stenolophina). 

The correct authorship of the amphipod genus-group name Quasimodia (Senticaudata: Hyaloidea: Phliantidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Author(s):  
TAKAFUMI NAKANO ◽  
JAMES K. LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
International Code ◽  
Original Publication

The genus Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 belongs to the hyaloidean family Phliantidae, and contains four species inhabiting littoral and sublittoral habitats in Australia (J.L. Barnard 1972; Lowry & Stoddart 2003; Horton et al. 2018; Lowry & Myers 2019). This genus-group name was originally erected for three nominal species—Q. barnardi Sheard, 1936, Q. capricornis Sheard, 1936, and Q. womersleyi Sheard, 1936 (see Sheard 1936), but its type species was not fixed in the original publication. As such the name Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 is not available for nomenclatural purposes (Article 13.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [hereafter Code], International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). Later, J.L. Barnard (1969) selected Q. womersleyi as the type species for this genus-group name, but his action does not validate Quasimodia Sheard, 1936, which remains unavailable, under Article 69 of the Code. J.L. Barnard (1972) again incorrectly considered Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 as an available name. 

Unraveling the nomenclatural puzzle of the collared and white-lipped peccaries (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla, Tayassuidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4851 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
LUIS E. ACOSTA ◽  
GUILHERME S. T. GARBINO ◽  
GERMÁN M. GASPARINI ◽  
RODRIGO PARISI DUTRA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Type Species ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Collared Peccary

The nomenclatural history of the collared and white-lipped peccaries, two well-recognized taxonomic entities, has been confusing. From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, several genera were created, most of them without an explicit designation of type species. Due to differing opinions as to whether the two species should be included in a single genus or, if separate genera were recognized, which generic name should be applied to each of the two taxa, the validity of generic and specific names oscillated until even recently. This paper aims to solve these nomenclatural issues by reviewing the different taxonomic arrangements of these two peccaries and applying appropriately the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature. We contend that the valid generic name for the white-lipped peccary is Tayassu Fischer, 1814 (type Sus pecari Link, 1795), while Dicotyles Cuvier, 1816 (type Dicotyles torquatus Cuvier, 1816) is the valid genus for the collared peccary, with Pecari Reichenbach, 1835 as its junior synonym. 

scholarly journals A new Genus and Species of Cestodes (Cyclophyllidea, Gryporhynchidae) from Ciconiiform Birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
V. V. Kornyushin ◽  
О. B. Greben
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
International Code ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species

Abstract A monotypic genus Proparadilepis Kornyushin et Greben, gen. n. (type species: Proparadilepis plegadissaakovae sp. n.) is erected. It is similar to the genera Paradilepis Hsu, 1935, Ascodilepis Guildal, 1960 and Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 and differs from them by the number and shape of rostellar hooks, armament of the cirrus and shape of gravid uterus. Its type species, P. plegadissaakovae sp. n. is described from Plegadis falcinellus L. It was found by Е. О. Saakova and assigned as Paradilepis plegadis nomen nudum because its description was not published according to the criteria of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The additions to the keys of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Bona, 1994) are proposed. The genus Dendrouterina is divided, according to the existing groups “herodiae” and “macrosphincter” distinguished by Bona (1975) into two valid genera, Dendrouterina and Mashonalepis Beverley-Burton, 1960.

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