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2022 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-167
Author(s):  
Ronny Tredup

For a fixed type of Petri nets τ, τ-SYNTHESIS is the task of finding for a given transition system A a Petri net N of type τ(τ-net, for short) whose reachability graph is isomorphic to A if there is one. The decision version of this search problem is called τ-SOLVABILITY. If an input A allows a positive decision, then it is called τ-solvable and a sought net N τ-solves A. As a well known fact, A is τ-solvable if and only if it has the so-called τ-event state separation property (τ-ESSP, for short) and the τ-state separation property (τ-SSP, for short). The question whether A has the τ-ESSP or the τ-SSP defines also decision problems. In this paper, for all b ∈ ℕ, we completely characterize the computational complexity of τ-SOLVABILITY, τ-ESSP and τ-SSP for the types of pure b-bounded Place/Transition-nets, the b-bounded Place/Transitionnets and their corresponding ℤb+1-extensions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012098
Author(s):  
Naseer T. Alwan ◽  
H. M Milia ◽  
S E Shcheklein ◽  
A V Matveev

Abstract The solar parabolic dish water heater is highly efficient but has limited hours of work only when sunlight is perpendicular to its surface. Therefore, this work aims to continue the work of the solar parabolic dish in the daytime using a dual tracking system, depending on the geographic location of the system (longitude and latitude angles) and using the C # programming language. To verify the effect of the dual-axis solar tracking system, the current study considered two types of solar parabolic dishes, the first was fixed, and the second was a rotating dish (by the dual tracking system). It was observed that the water temperature at the outlet of the tracking type solar water heater is 22% higher than that for the fixed dish type; this means that the proposed system has improved the temperature of water in the heat exchanger. Therefore, the highest water temperature value of about 51.4ffiC was at the outlet of the heat exchanger for the tracking type at 1:00 pm, while the temperature recorded for the fixed type was about 46.1ffiC. The highest energy gained from the solar heating system was at 1:00 pm for both types, which was about 76.9 W from the tracking type and 54.7 W from the fixed type. It was also observed that in the fixed dish type, most energy losses occurred during the daytime, while for the tracer of the dish type, useful energy was gained during most of the sunny working hours depending on the solar radiation intensity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Sascha Spikic ◽  
Dimitri Mortelmans ◽  
Dries Van Gasse

The similarity of the Big Five personality traits of ex-spouses and new partners was examined post-divorce. The notion that divorcees replicate their partner choice (fixed-type hypothesis) was tested against the hypotheses that they learn to select a new partner with more marriage-stabilizing personality traits than their former spouse (learning hypothesis), or are constrained by marriage market forces to repartner with someone who has less stabilizing personality traits (marriage market hypothesis). Data was derived from a Flemish study that sampled divorcees from the national register. The sample consisted of 700 triads of divorcees, their ex-spouses, and their new partners. The analysis results rejected the fixed-type hypothesis and instead supported both the learning hypothesis and the marriage market hypothesis, with higher order repartnering supporting the latter. Women also seemed to validate both hypotheses, as their partner comparison showed decreases in both stabilizing traits (conscientiousness and agreeableness) and destabilizing traits (neuroticism and extraversion). Overall, the results seem to suggest that divorcees do not repartner with someone of the same personality as their ex-spouse, and they are in some cases constrained by marriage market forces to repartner with less stabilizing personalities, while in other cases they are able to improve their partner selection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mine ◽  
M Sugitami ◽  
E Fukuhara ◽  
R Kitagaki ◽  
M Ishihara

Abstract Background Left atrial appendage thrombi (LAAT), especially movable type LAAT, have been reported to be high-risk for thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, thromboembolic risk of the movable-type LAAT under widespread use of anticoagulant therapy remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively studied 65 LAAT patients taking anticoagulants out of 1381 consecutive patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography prior to cardioversion or catheter ablation for AF. Patients with significant valvular disease and coagulation disorder were excluded. Clinical data were evaluated at the time of TEE. The LAAT were classified into movable and fixed type LAAT by three independent observers. Results Sixteen of 65 LAAT patients showed movable type LAAT. During follow-up (42±34 months), one patient underwent emergency thrombectomy, 5 patients developed thromboembolic event, and 12 patients died. There were no differences in clinical data, parameters, thrombectomy/thromboembolic event, and survival rate between patients with movable and fixed type LAAT. Conclusion Thromboembolic risk of the movable-type LAAT is the same as fixed type LAAT, under widespread use of anticoagulant therapy. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Deepika U ◽  
◽  
Louis Solaman Simon ◽  
Sarita Das ◽  
Khwairakpam Monika ◽  
...  

The premature loss of primary teeth in mixed dentition commonly results in space loss. The spacelost is regained with the help of an appliance referred to as a space regainer. The appliance is of both removable and fixed type. This case report highlights the usage of a fixed KamatUday appliance (Triple-banded space regainer) in compromised abutment teeth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
K. Umapathi ◽  
Yalamanchili Sangeetha ◽  
A. N. Shankar ◽  
P. Vidhyalakshmi ◽  
R. Ramkumar ◽  
...  

Using carbon nanotubes for sensing the mass in a biosensor is recently proven as an emerging technology in healthcare industry. This study investigates relative frequency shifts and sensitivity studies of various biological objects such as insulin hormone, immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) masses using the single-wall carbon nanotubes as a biomass sensor via continuum mechanics. Uniform distributed mass is applied to the single-wall carbon nanotube mass sensor. In this study, fixed-free and fixed-fixed type single-wall carbon nanotubes with various lengths of relative frequency shifts are studied. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of fixed-free and fixed-fixed type CNT biological mass sensors is carried out. Moreover, mode shapes studies are performed. The sensitivity results show better, if the length of the single-wall carbon nanotube is reduced.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Artem N. Deryuga ◽  
◽  
Sergey N. Shaklein ◽  

Administrative punishment is the most important legal “lever” to reduce the level of administrative tort. Hence, it is important to study the issue of increasing the effectiveness of administrative punishment and the formation of a special scientific directionadministrative Penology, the Central element of the subject of which is administrative punishment and those phenomena, events, facts, States and processes that form the legally fixed type and limits of administrativetort sanctions. The need for a comprehensive study of administrative punishment is associated with obtaining the most effective result, designed for the long term, by analyzing the effectiveness of the existing exclusively legal mechanism for the appointment and execution of administrative punishments and searching for reserves of administrative punishment, using the achievements of legal, sociological and psychological Sciences.


Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Ma ◽  
Michael Kirby ◽  
Chris Peterson

AbstractA flag is a nested sequence of vector spaces. The type of the flag encodes the sequence of dimensions of the vector spaces making up the flag. A flag manifold is a manifold whose points parameterize all flags of a fixed type in a fixed vector space. This paper provides the mathematical framework necessary for implementing self-organizing mappings on flag manifolds. Flags arise implicitly in many data analysis contexts including wavelet, Fourier, and singular value decompositions. The proposed geometric framework in this paper enables the computation of distances between flags, the computation of geodesics between flags, and the ability to move one flag a prescribed distance in the direction of another flag. Using these operations as building blocks, we implement the SOM algorithm on a flag manifold. The basic algorithm is applied to the problem of parameterizing a set of flags of a fixed type.


Author(s):  
Osamah Sarhan ◽  
Mahdy Raslan

Jacket platforms are one of the most important and regularly used types of offshore structures for oil and gas extraction that have a big impact on the economy of the countries. In this paper, all aspects including design, analysis, construction and installing of the jacket type offshore structure, are summarized and classified. This type of structure is one of the specified platforms for shallow water, and for long term service, it also has the ability to carry large deck loads. This paper aims to present general guidance about the planning, design and construction of offshore jacket (template) platforms. Jacket platforms are fixed type platforms which are attached to the seabed using piles which provide stability against the wind, wave and current loads. Also, this type of offshore platform has a high initial and maintenance cost because of its exposure to corrosion, and cannot be reused after the end of its service period. Jacket platforms are most suitable for shallow water having no better alternative while it has the cost disadvantage for deep water.


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