The Design of the Roman Mosaic at Hinton St. Mary

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Byzantine Church

SummaryTwo problems in the design of the Hinton St. Mary mosaic are (1) that the elements of the design are placed the wrong way round if the mosaic was planned to be seen like a carpet; and (2) whether the bust of Christ is an original design or whether it is based on a formal set of rules. There is evidence to suggest (1) that the design of the mosaic as a whole may have been conceived as the decoration of a ceiling, and (2) that rules to which the bust of Christ conforms were still in use in the eighteenth century in Byzantine church-painting, and that there is a genuine continuity between the two points in time.

scholarly journals Rescuing a Heritage Database: Some Lessons from London Concert Life in the Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Simon McVeigh
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Concert Life

Abstract The paper outlines the genesis and subsequent transformation of the database Calendar of London Concerts 1750–1800, now available as a dataset at https://www.doi.org/10.17026/dans-znv-3c2j. Originally developed during the 1980s, the database was used as a primary research tool in the preparation of articles and a 1993 monograph: the first comprehensive study of London’s flourishing public concert life in the later eighteenth century, which culminated in Haydn’s London visits in 1791–5. The database itself, extending to over 4000 records, was derived from an exhaustive study of London newspapers. Following the obsolescence of the relational database in which the material was initially stored, it has recently been transferred to a spreadsheet in csv format, publicly available with free open access. Issues arising out of the standardisation of concert data are explored, especially regarding the layout of complete concert programmes, and the strengths and limitations of the original design are analysed, within the context of the newly available version.

If Democracy Is Such a Smart Regime, Why Are Democracies Doing So Poorly at the Moment and How Can We Fix Them?

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-238
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Original Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Made In

This chapter returns to the ideal of people’s power and argues that democracies as we know them are dubiously democratic. Most ordinary citizens, in the United States certainly but in other advanced democracies as well, have little deliberative input into the laws and policies that rule their lives. The chapter traces the problem to fundamental design mistakes made in the eighteenth century when elections, an oligarchic selection mechanism, rather than the traditional lot of Classical Athens, were privileged as the method for choosing representatives. This original design mistake explains in part why contemporary democracies are, and indeed have always been, dysfunctional. This chapter also makes the case for open democracy, a new paradigm of democracy that takes more seriously the core ideal of people’s power and in which elections are no longer a central institutional principle.

Designing a New Fort on the Gold Coast: Johan Fredrik Trenks, the WIC, and the New Fort at Takoradi, 1774–1791

Itinerario ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-547
Author(s):  
Erik Odegard
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Original Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
West India Company ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
Made In

This article examines the decision-making process for a new fort which the Dutch West India Company proposed to build near Takoradi in present-day Ghana in the third quarter of the eighteenth century. By closely following the process of design, evaluation, and redesign of the fort, this article argues that the WIC was institutionally incapable of coordinating and carrying out such a complex project. The original design for the new fort was made in 1774 by Johan Frederik Trenks, a Silesian-born engineer who, as it turned out, was not current with modern design practices and used Dutch examples from the first half of the seventeenth century. The design was sent to the Netherlands for evaluation and returned with scathing criticism. The long, drawn-out process of design, evaluation, and redesign of what was after all a relatively small fort show the institutional paralysis of the WIC in the years leading up to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–84). Though the fort would never be completed, construction did begin shortly before the war. The conflict, followed shortly thereafter by the dissolution of the WIC, meant the project would never be completed.

The Elizabethan Fortifications of Berwick-upon-Tweed

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain MacIvor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Original Design

The fortifications of Berwick-upon-Tweed, begun in 1558, are one of the earliest bastioned systems surviving in Europe. The original design was made by Sir Richard Lee and modified by him during the course of building. The fortifications were left incomplete in 1569; further works were carried on until the eighteenth century.

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