A laboratory investigation of Paulinia acuminata (DeGeer) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a biological control agent for Salvinia molesta

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Chisholm

AbstractThe feeding rate of nymphs of Paulinia acuminata (Deg.) on Salvinia molesta was studied in the laboratory using single nymphs on different numbers of Salvinia leaves. Each successive instar ate more plant tissue, but at population densities likely to occur in nature it was unlikely that consumption rate could match the natural Salvinia growth rate. The controlling effect of Paulinia on Salvinia in Lake Kariba, Rhodesia, may therefore be negligible.

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Semple ◽  
I.W. Forno

AbstractThe effects of endosulfan and deltamethrin, chemicals used to control Glossina morsitans Westwood (tsetse fly), were tested against Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands (Curculionidae), a biological control agent for the floating fern Salvinia molesta. The weevil was very susceptible to deltamethrin and less susceptible to endosulfan. The use of these chemicals for control of G. morsitans in Botswana, where the biological control agent is active, is discussed.


1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Scher ◽  
M. Dupler ◽  
R. Baker

Although soil conducive to Fusarium wilt diseases was previously induced to become suppressive by addition of FeEDDHA (ferric ethylenediaminedi-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), addition of FeEDTA (ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) or FeEDDHA to soil infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (the radish wilt pathogen) did not significantly affect inoculum densities in rhizosphere soil in this study. Addition of 100 μg FeEDTA/g soil significantly decreased levels of Pseudomonas putida in rhizosphere soil; however, addition of 100–1000 μg FeEDDHA/g soil significantly increased population densities of P. putida in fallow and rhizosphere soils. The suggested mechanism was that Fe3+ available to the Fusarium was reduced by competition with EDDHA and that such competition in soil may give selective advantage to siderophore-producing antagonists such as P. putida.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Titiek Yulianti

<p>Jamur Rhizoctonia solani dan Sclerotium rolfsii merupakan kelompok jamur steril (tidak menghasilkan spora) tetapi dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai sumber inokulum primer, dan struktur istirahat jamur yang dapat bertahan selama beberapa tahun di dalam tanah saat kondisi lingkungan kurang menguntungkan. Penggunaan fungisida, fumigasi, dan solarisasi tanah telah digunakan untuk mengendalikan kedua jamur tersebut, namun hasil yang diperoleh masih beragam. Pengendalian hayati dengan menggunakan bakteri Bacillus sp. yang merupakan salah satu kelompok agens hayati patogen diketahui memberikan hasil yang baik pada beberapa tanaman. Penelitian yang bertujuan menguji potensi B. cereus dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan S. rolfsii secara in vitro dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas dengan menggunakan metode dual culture pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Miselia jamur R. solani dan S. rolfsii masing-masing berumur 5 hari diambil dengan menggunakan cork borer ukuran 0,5 cm ditanam pada media PDA berhadapan dengan B. cereus dengan jarak 3 cm. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur oleh Bacillus sp. dan laju pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia R. solani dan S. rolfsii masing-masing sebesar 68,9% dan 33% pada hari ketiga setelah perlakuan. Keberadaan B. cereus dapat memperlambat laju pertumbuhan R. solani (15,5 mm/24 jam), dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa B. cereus) sebesar 19,7 mm/24 jam. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa B. cereus dapat menghambat pertumbuhan R. solani dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati.</p><p> </p><p>Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii (the causal agents of damping off disease on various hosts) are the group of sterile fungi that cannot produce spores. Nevertheless, they produce sclerotia as primary inocula and resting spores when facing unfavorable condition. Several control methods using chemical fungicides and solarization had been conducted, but the results were still inconsistent. In addition, the use of Bacillus sp. as a biological control agent for several plant diseases had provided successful results. Furthermore, the research aimed to evaluate the potency of B. cereus towards R. solani and S. rolfsii in vitro was carried out in the laboratory of phytopathology using dual culture method on PDA medium. Five days of R. solani and S. rolfsii miselia were plugged and inoculated on PDA medium toward B. cereus. The research was arranged by completely randomized design with four replicates. The percentage of fungal inhibition and fungal growth rate were observed. The result showed that B. cereus exhibited mycelial growth inhibition activity of R. solani and S. rolfsii by 68,9% and 33% three days after treatments, respectively. The result also indicated that<br />B. cereus has a potential prospect to be developed as a biological control agent because the bacteria could suspend the growth rate of R. solani.</p>


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