Chemical control of water hyacinth by some herbicides and their effect on some aquatic invertebrate

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), regarded as one of worst aquatic weeds in the world, has been an invader in northern Iran, particularly in the Anzali Wetland. Herbicide application as a control method with respect to ecosystem health has been investigated. The effects of three herbicides, glyphosate (Roundup), Glufosinate-ammonium (Basta), and Bispyribac sodium (Nominee) were investigated on water hyacinth and on the survival of five aquatic invertebrates from the Anzali Wetland including Hemiptera, Amphipoda, Odonata, Ostracoda and Daphnia. The treatments consisted of 3 L/ha of glyphosate, 5 L/ha of Glufosinate-ammonium, and 0.3 L/ha of Bispyribac sodium. European Weed Research Council (EWRC) rating scale determining reduction of wet and dry weight of shoot was the basis of assessment to determine the effectiveness of the herbicides in the control of of water hyacinth. All herbicides were effective on water hyacinth while Roundup caused a significant reduction of shoot biomass and scored 98% on the EWRC scale. Bayesian mediation model was used to calculate total and decomposition effect of herbicides on animal groups. Based on the Bayesian mediation model, Basta showed the best performance with lowest probability of a negative effect (PEff<0=0.22). The accuracy of dosages and spraying of herbicides can be considered the most effective in inhibiting water hyacinth and the least destructive to living organisms.

Biogas Generation from Co-Digestion Waste Systems: The Role of Water Hyacinth

Using biomass as a renewable energy source has earned tremendous interest from researchers in recent decades, especially because the technology is environmentally benign. This article reviews the recent methods for generating biogas from water hyacinth (WH, Eichornia crassipes), arguably the world’s most evasive aquatic macrophyte. Therefore, various economic, environmentally benign, and renewable procedures that enhance biogas production from WH biomass are reviewed. WH has been co-digested with numerous waste types, including poultry droppings, municipal wastes, animal tissue wastes, pig wastes, cow dungs, etc., recording varying success degrees. Other studies focused on optimizing the operation parameters, such as mixing ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, organic loading rate, etc. We observed that most attempts to generate biogas from WH alone were not promising. However, when co-digested with other biomasses or wastes, WH either increases the process rate or improves the methane yield content. Also, the potential of WH as a phytoremdiator-cum-biogas source was investigated. This chapter provides mathematical models, scale-up installation models, and specific experimental results from various studies to guide future study plans toward optimizing CH4 generation from WH co-digestion.

Sustainable Rigid Polyurethane Foam from Wasted Palm Oil and Water Hyacinth Fiber Composite—A Green Sound-Absorbing Material

A novel rigid sound-absorbing material made from used palm oil-based polyurethane foam (PUF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF) composite was developed in this research. The NCO index was set at 100, while the WHF content was set at 1%wt with mesh sizes ranging from 80 to 20. The mechanical properties, the morphology, the flammability, and the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the PUF composite were all investigated. When the WHF size was reduced from 80 to 20, the compression strength of the PUF increased from 0.33 to 0.47 N/mm2. Furthermore, the use of small fiber size resulted in a smaller pore size of the PUF composite and improved the sound absorption and flammability. A feasible sound-absorbing material was a PUF composite with a WHF mesh size of 80 and an SAC value of 0.92. As a result, PUF derived from both water hyacinth and used palm oil could be a promising green alternative material for sound-absorbing applications.

Experimental Investigation on Aquatic Waste Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) Plant into Natural Fibre Polymer Composite – Biological Waste into Commercial Product

Present work dealt with evaluating the aquatic wastewater hyacinth plant long fibre reinforced withepoxy polymer composite mechanical strength, absorption, characterization, thermal degradation and stability, surface morphology studies. This research work water hyacinth long fibre is used as a reinforcement material and epoxy polymer matrix material is used as a matrix phase material. By utilizing the compression moulding hot press machine the different weight percentages (20, 25, 30, and 35%) of the hyacinth composite samples areproduced.Converting the biological waste into zero waste and useful product concept is achieved in this research. In this work hyacinth, long fibre is extracted with a new novel mechanical way (fabricated machine) of the extraction process. Hyacinth long fibre composite tensile strength (mechanical strength) is varied from 36.42 to 44.62MPa, flexural strength varied from 47.86 to 59.684MPa, and impact strength varied from 0.5 to 3.5J. After the 8th hour of monitoring the composite samples are attained constant values on both water and chemical absorption studies. By utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method the essential functional groups present in the hyacinth composites are identified. Based on the final experiment results the hyacinth fibre composite is highly recommended to the usage of profit oriented products.

Association Between Early-Stage Juveniles of Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae) and Floating Hydrophytes: Behaviour Supports Species Dispersal?

The vertical distribution of early-stage juvenile sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae), an invasive species, were investigated in littoral habitats and the center of channel with floating hydrophytes from the Red River system in Vietnam. Sailfin catfish were sampled from the upper water column with associated floating hydrophytes of the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and native water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and the bottom using hand nets (2-mm mesh sizes). Significantly higher numbers of early-stage juveniles were associated with floating hydrophytes compared to bottom sampling. The association between early stages of sailfin catfishes and floating hydrophytes, especially the free-floating invasive water hyacinth, supports the potential mechanism in the dispersal of an invasive fish.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN UJI POT ORGANIK BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KULIT GALAM (Melaleuca cajuputi) DAN ENCENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI POLYBAG

The forestry and plantation sectors till now, the mass supply of seeds still using polybags made from plastic. The purpose of the study was to examine the physical characteristics and test the organic pots based on waste from galam skin and water hyacinth as well as to find out the best basic ingredients for making organic pots. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of organic pot testing for water content ranged from 4.2133 – 6.033%, all treatments met the SNI standard 03-2105-2006 (<14%). The range of water absorption values is 97.9981 – 176.2218% and the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard does not require water absorption values. Density values ranged from 0.3584 – 0.8767 gr/cm3, A, C, D, E treatments were included in the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard. The best treatment of organic pot water content was in treatment A (100% galam peel waste), water absorption was found in treatment E (100% water hyacinth) and the best density was found in treatment E (100% water hyacinth. Results of organoleptic test of organic pots Based on the preference for color and texture, the highest was found in treatment A (100% galam bark waste) with a very hard texture and blackish color