The effect on pension fund contributions of a change in the entry age.

1954 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Bizley
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Pension Benefit ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Entry Age

In a previous paper (J.S.S. 9, 105) the present writer investigated the effect upon pension fund contribution rates of a change in the salary scale. A further note (J.S.S. 10, 47) discussed the effect of a change in the rate of interest. The present note is concerned with the variation in contribution rates with varying entry age, the actuarial bases remaining constant. The note takes account only of the contribution in respect of the pension benefit and disregards any additional contribution required to provide a benefit payable on death or withdrawal. As before, we suppose that a single pension age, M, independent of entry age, sufficiently allows for normal, late and early retirements (if any) and that the pension is 100 k% of pensionable salary for each year of service.

A Method of Estimating the Effect of a Change in a Set of Decremental Rates

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Bizley
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Negligible Amount ◽  
Entry Age

Three of the writer's earlier notes in thisJournal(see References) have discussed respectively the effect, upon pension fund contribution rates, of changes in the salary scale, the rate of interest and the entry age, and approximate methods have been supplied for estimating rapidly the effects of the two last-mentioned changes. The object of the present note is to propose a method for estimating the effect on the survivorship ratioly/lxaccording to a service table, of changing one of the sets of decremental rates in the same proportion at all ages, or of removing a set altogether, or of introducing a new set in addition to those already present. For example, given a service table based on certain rates of mortality and withdrawal, we shall be able to estimate, with a negligible amount of arithmetical work, the new values of such ratios asl60/l25resulting from removing the mortality rates altogether, from doubling or halving the withdrawal rates or from introducing a new set of decremental rates.

Decision making by pension fund trustees in the face of demographic and economic shocks: a vignette study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENDRIK P. VAN DALEN ◽  
KÈNE HENKENS ◽  
KEES KOEDIJK ◽  
ALFRED SLAGER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Face ◽  
Defined Benefits ◽  
Pension Age

AbstractHow do pension fund trustees deal with demographic and economic shocks? We examine this issue by using a vignette study among pension fund trustees in the Netherlands. Trustees show asymmetric reactions to shocks in the level of reserves of pension funds. Pension premiums are upwardly flexible but trustees are reluctant to decrease premiums. Asymmetries are also revealed by choices regarding the inflation indexation of benefits and changing real (defined) benefits. Asymmetry is not visible in the policy responses to demographic shocks: increases in life expectancy are reflected by taking structural measures for a defined benefit contract: raising pension premiums and the pension age. Furthermore, trustees allow their choices to be affected by the forces of social comparison: the reserve position of their fund compared to the position of other funds has a significant influence in choosing pension fund policy instruments.

scholarly journals Pension reform 2019: determinants, consequences, alternatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-44
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
The Right

The paper addresses, mostly with demographic tools, the rationale and consequences of the reform of Russia’s distributive pension system. Contrary to official assertions, mortality conditions do not warrant an increase of the pension age. The reference to a rapidly falling demographic support ratio as a rationale of the reform’s urgency is misleading. A rapid and large increase in the retirement age will considerably reduce the obligations of the Pension Fund of Russia, yet this will be far from enough to balance its budget. The reform creates a fundamentally new and difficult to implement task of ensuring the right to employment of persons deprived of the right to a pension. To the extent that this task can be accomplished, the Pension Fund of Russia and the State budget will be supplemented with additional revenues. At the same time, to the extent that this task remains unresolved, a social group of elderly people who are deprived of income will arise and continue to grow. For a limited time their life will be supported by unemployment benefits. Russia possesses large-scale alternative resources for resolving the pension problem, which consist, among other things, in increasing the collection of pension contributions, labor productivity and employment of the population, as well as in developing funded forms of pension insurance.

Heat Transfer Equations for an Air-Air Heat Exchanger

1954 ◽  
Vol 58 (527) ◽  
pp. 783-785
Author(s):  
W. J. Annand
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Misleading Result ◽  
Transfer Equations ◽  
Alternative Assumption

In a recently published book, The Aerodynamics of Propulsion, by Küchemann and Weber, there is included a brief discussion of heat flow in an air-air heat exchanger. The treatment given rests on an assumption which appears to be generally accepted, but which seems to the present writer to be physically unsatisfactory and to yield at least one misleading result. It is the purpose of the present note to show that a solution of the heat transfer equations can be obtained using an alternative assumption which seems physically more acceptable.

Note on the development of the Circulation around a thin Elliptic Cylinder

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Elliptic Cylinder ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Present Writer

In a previous paper the present writer gave a solution of the problem of determining the circulation around a thin elliptic cylinder in a steady stream of slightly viscous fluid when the major axis of the cylinder is inclined at a small angle to the direction of the flow at infinity. The present note gives a largely qualitative analysis of the manner in which this circulation is built up when the motion of the fluid or cylinder is started instantaneously from rest with a given velocity.

The Wilshere Collection at Pusey House in Oxford

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
T. B. L. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Early Christian

This collection of miscellaneous objects of very varying date and provenance, though mostly of the early Christian period, was formed by the late Mr. C. Wilshere, and bequeathed by him to Pusey House, Oxford, where it was installed about three years ago, having been previously at its owner's house in Hertfordshire. It was formed by purchases made at various times and places, though chiefly in Rome. The present writer was invited by Dr. Darwell Stone, the Principal of Pusey House, to catalogue the collection: through his kindness the present note is published. The most interesting parts of the collection are the inscriptions, mostly tombstones, some unpublished, and the gold glass, all published, but better plates are given here. I should like to take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to Professor J. D. Beazley, Mr. M. N. Tod, Mr. D. Talbot Rice, and Mr. R. P. Longden, for the help they gave me in making the catalogue. The numbers are those of my Ms. catalogue.

The effect on pension fund contributions of a change in the rate of interest

1950 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Bizley
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Great Ease ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Entry Age

The object of this note is to suggest a method, believed by the writer to be new, whereby once a pension fund contribution has been calculated the revised contribution occasioned by a small change in the rate of interest can be approximately determined with great ease and rapidity.Let 100cxbe the percentage contribution for entry agexrequired to support a pension per annum equal to 100k% of pensionable salary for each year of service. Assume for simplicity that normal retirements and early retirements (if any) can together be sufficiently allowed for by the use of a single average retirement age (M).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document