MANUFACTURING SOVEREIGNTY AND MANIPULATING HUMANITARIANISM: THE DIPLOMATIC RESOLUTION OF THE MERCENARY REVOLT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, 1967–8

AbstractIn 1967, European and Katangese mercenaries revolted against the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) intervened to try to have the rebels peacefully leave the DRC. Katangese troops who fled to Rwanda with white mercenaries were forced by the Organization of African Unity and the Rwandan government to return to the DRC, where they were eventually executed. White mercenaries, under the protection of the ICRC and Rwanda, ultimately escaped Mobutu's wrath. Congolese and Rwandan leaders skillfully employed the ideal of African sovereignty and humanitarian rhetoric with its Western and African allies to ensure their consolidation of power.

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Quality improvement programme on the frontline: An International Committee of the Red Cross experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo

International Journal for Quality in Health Care ◽

10.1093/intqhc/mzi042 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stéphane Du Mortier ◽

Monica Arpagaus

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Quality Improvement Programme ◽

Improvement Programme

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Rwanda – Nigeria – Vietnam – Near East – Yemen – Korea

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s0020860400000498 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (82) ◽

pp. 16-21

Keyword(s):

Near East ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

International Review ◽

African Unity ◽

Relief Work ◽

Organization Of African Unity

Under the title “The action of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Congo and Rwanda” the International Review published last month an article on ICRC relief work at the request of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). It described events up to the end of November 1967.

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The action of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Congo and Rwanda

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s0020860400007683 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (81) ◽

pp. 640-650

Keyword(s):

International Institutions ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

African Unity ◽

Organization Of African Unity

In September 1967, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), meeting in Kinshasa, adopted a certain number of resolutions. One of these called upon the mercenaries to leave the Congo and offered to effect this by peaceful methods, with the help of the appropriate international institutions. Following on this resolution, Mr. Mobutu, in his capacity as Chairman of the OAU Conference, appealed to the International Committee of the Red Cross to help him in this task. He also declared that he would like to make contact with a representative of the ICRC.

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OAU - ICRC Meeting

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s0020860400062963 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 9 (100) ◽

pp. 368-368

Keyword(s):

International Committee ◽

Secretary General ◽

Red Cross ◽

African Unity ◽

Organization Of African Unity

Mr. Diallo Telli, Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity, and Mr. Gratien Pognon, Assistant Secretary General, on 18 June, met Mr. Marcel A. Naville, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, in Geneva.

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Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/0026461026610020 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 173-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. C. Roberts ◽

W. H. Paar ◽

M. A. Cooper ◽

D. Topa ◽

A. J. Criddle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

New Mineral ◽

Mineral Phase ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

X Ray ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Primary Mineral ◽

Mohs Hardness ◽

The Ideal

AbstractVerbeekite, ideally PdSe2, monoclinic with space-group choicesC2/m,C2 orCm;a= 6.659(7),b= 4.124(5),c= 4.438(6) Å, ß = 92.76(3)°,V= 121.7(4) Å3;a:b:c= 1.6147:1:1.0761, Z = 2, is a new, very rare, primary mineral, intimately associated with secondary oosterboschite {(Pd,Cu)7Se5}, from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Additional associated minerals are Cu- and Pd-bearing trogtalite {(Co,Cu,Pd)Se2}, Se-bearing digenite and Se-bearing covellite. The strongest five lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern {din Å (I) (hkl)} are: 4.423(30)(001), 3.496 (30)(110), 2.718(100)(111), 1.955(50)(310 and 1.896(50)(l̄12). The mineral has also been identified, as a single anhedral 25 µm-sized grain, from Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England where it is associated with native gold, chrisstanleyite Ag2Pd3Se4, oosterboschite(?), unnamed Pd2HgSe3and cerussite. At Musonoi, altered verbeekite grains do not exceed 200 µm in size and are anhedral, black, with a black streak and a metallic lustre. The mineral is opaque, brittle, has an uneven fracture, and lacks discernible cleavage. The VHN5ranges 490–610, mean 550 kp/mm2(2 indentations), roughly approximating a Mohs' hardness of 5Ý.Dcalc.= 7.211 g/cm3for the ideal formula. Electron-microprobe analyses (mean of 4 spot analyses) yielded Pd 39.6, Cu 0.5, Se 58.8, total 98.9 wt.%. The empirical formula is (Pd0.99Cu0.02)σ1.01Se1.99, based on Pd+Cu+Se = 3. In plane-polarized reflected light, the mineral is a nondescript grey and is neither pleochroic nor perceptibly bireflectant. Anisotropy is moderate with rotation tints in varying shades of brown. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. The name honours Dr Théodore Verbeek (1927–1991) who was the first geoscientist to study the Musonoi palladium mineralization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1955–1967) and who co-discovered this new mineral phase.

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