The chemical influence of the duodenal contents on the activity of the antrum and duodenum of sheep

SUMMARYThe mechanical and eleetromyographic activity of the pyloric antrum and duodenum of sheep has been studied both under resting conditions and while infusing various solutions to alter the chemical composition of the chyme.Bursts of spike-type electrical activity, synchronized with the depolarization phase of slower potential variations, accompanied duodenal contractions. Both mechanical distension and chemical stimulation of the proximal duodenum influenced the electrical activity and led to changes in the frequency, duration and amplitude of contractions.

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Towards fungal computer

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2018.0029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 20180029 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew Adamatzky

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Information Transfer ◽

Chemical Stimulation ◽

Reliable Indicator ◽

Mycelium Network ◽

Logical Functions ◽

Stimulation Of

We propose that fungi Basidiomycetes can be used as computing devices: information is represented by spikes of electrical activity, a computation is implemented in a mycelium network and an interface is realized via fruit bodies. In a series of scoping experiments, we demonstrate that electrical activity recorded on fruits might act as a reliable indicator of the fungi’s response to thermal and chemical stimulation. A stimulation of a fruit is reflected in changes of electrical activity of other fruits of a cluster, i.e. there is distant information transfer between fungal fruit bodies. In an automaton model of a fungal computer, we show how to implement computation with fungi and demonstrate that a structure of logical functions computed is determined by mycelium geometry.

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Transmission of electrical activity through the gastroduodenal junction

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.3.531 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 208 (3) ◽

pp. 531-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alex Bortoff ◽

Noah Weg

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Longitudinal Muscle ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Slow Waves ◽

Pyloric Antrum ◽

Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽

Proximal Duodenum ◽

Electrical And Mechanical Activities ◽

Electrode Technique

The electrical and mechanical activities of the gastroduodenal junction were studied in isolated cat preparations, using the pressure-electrode technique. The spontaneous electrical activity of the pyloric antrum consists of periodic depolarizations, the configuration of which is somewhat more complex than that of comparable potentials recorded from the longitudinal muscle layer of the small intestine. Like their intestinal counterparts these antral slow waves may be associated with spike potentials which are thought to initiate contractions. The electrical activity at the gastroduodenal junction consists of a combination of antral and duodenal slow waves, sometimes accompanied by spike potentials. In the proximal duodenum, antral slow waves are represented by periodic depolarizations which may be associated with spike potentials followed by contractions. Because of the extension of the antral slow waves into the proximal duodenum, contractions initiated in the antrum may also extend into the proximal duodenum. It is concluded that the gastroduodenal junction is a transition zone, coordinating the electrical and corresponding mechanical activities of the antrum and proximal duodenum.

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Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066917 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

E. A. Elfont ◽

R. B. Tobin ◽

D. G. Colton ◽

M. A. Mehlman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Future Study ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Effective Inhibitor ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

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