Documenting Desegregation: Racial and Gender Segregation in Private Sector Employment Since the Civil Rights Act. By Kevin Stainback and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 2012. Pp. xxxiv, 378. $45.00, paper.

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1188
Author(s):  
Charles T. Clotfelter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Russell Sage Foundation ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals In self defense : black female journalists' advocacy in the Cold War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel (Rachel Lindsey) Grant
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
White Woman ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cold War

"Mary Church Terrell, Black female journalist and civil rights activist, stood in front of the United Nations board in Lake Success, New York, on Sept. 21, 1949, to present a brief on Rosa Lee Ingram. Ingram and her two sons had been sentenced in 1948 to life in prison after they were accused of murdering John Stratford, their white neighbor who attacked Ingram after her livestock ventured onto his Georgia property. As a mother of 14 children, Ingram believed she acted in self-defense, but the Southern justice of an all-white jury convicted her. In front of an audience of 75 people, Terrell stated: "Under similar circumstances it is inconceivable that such an unjust sentence would have been imposed upon a white woman and her sons." She went further in noting the role that both race and gender played in the Ingram case." -- Introduction

Reverse Discrimination and Remedial Affirmative Action in Employment

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ray Gullett
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Reverse Discrimination ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Public Employer

Public sector employers are governed by two standards in the design and application of voluntary remedial affirmative action plans: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as amended) and the equal protection provisions of the Constitution. Since these plans are subject to challenge under reverse discrimination claims, they must be carefully designed to avoid vulnerability to such charges under either a statutory or constitutional claim. However, the Supreme Court has interpreted the legal acceptability of voluntary affirmative action differently under the statute than under the Constitution. Title VII allows a more permissive standard than does the 14th or 5th amendments. An analysis and comparison of Court rulings under both standards illustrate these differences. To avoid successful challenge of a voluntary remedial plan, a public employer must abide by the more conservative criteria of the Constitution. In so doing, some kinds of remedial action available to those in the private sector is barred to their public sector counterparts. Further Court rulings may clarify these apparent differences.

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