Purchasing IPOs with Commissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Goldstein ◽  
Paul Irvine ◽  
Andy Puckett
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
To Receive

AbstractWe find direct evidence that institutions increase round-trip stock trades, increase average commissions per share, and pay unusually high commissions on some trades in order to send abnormally high commissions to the lead underwriters of profitable initial public offerings (IPOs). These excess commission payments are a particularly effective way for transient investors to receive lucrative IPO allocations. Our results suggest that the underwriter’s concern for their long-term client relationships limits the payment-for-IPO practice. We estimate that abnormal commission payments are large for the most profitable issues, and that an additional $1 excess commission payment to the lead underwriter results in $2.21 in investor profits from allocated shares.

scholarly journals Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. xiv-24
Author(s):  
Douglas Cumming ◽  
Sofia Johan
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Reverse Mergers ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies

The worldwide landscape for raising firm capital from Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) has significantly evolved over the last few decades. This introductory chapter reviews more recent research on initial public offerings. The Oxford Handbook of IPOs comprises twenty-nine chapters from authors around the world. The chapters describe the economics of going public, short- and long-term performance of IPOs, regulation of IPOs, IPOs versus acquisitions, reverse mergers, special purpose acquisition companies, service providers including investment banks and auditors, venture capital funds, international differences in IPOs, and crowdfunding. The Introduction summarizes the chapters that appear in the Handbook and highlight research trends on topic.

Die Fehlbewertung junger Aktiengesellschaften beim Gang an die Börse – Ursachen und wirtschaftspolitische Konsequenzen

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ploog ◽  
Michael Stolpe
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Speculative Bubbles ◽  
Privatisation Programme ◽  
Welfare Implications

AbstractThis paper discusses policy options to reduce underpricing in initial public offerings (IPOs). It surveys recent theoretical insights into the causes and welfare implications of underpricing and reviews evidence on the signalling hypothesis, the winner’s curse model, the role of underwriters in assessing issuing firms’ future profitability and the genesis of speculative bubbles in IPO markets. The paper concludes that governments should curtail the abuse of market power in underwriting by prohibiting the allocation of shares to insiders and by reducing the incentives for investment banks to exploit underpriced share issues in order to cross-subsidise unrelated lines of business. Moreover, governments should seek to stabilize the IPO market by committing themselves to regular equal-sized issues of shares in government assets as part of a long-term privatisation programme.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION TOWARDS THE LONG-RUN PERFORMANCE OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN CAPITAL MARKET

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-125
Author(s):  
Lioniva Emasari ◽  
Dewi Tamara
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Return ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Basic Industry ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

We study the long-term performance of IPO share issued in Indonesia during the 1996-2001 periods. The IPOs in this period are mostly concentrated in Finance, Trade, Property and Basic Industry & Chemicals. The cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) in the third year are 15.83% and negative 68.02%, respectively. The CAR and BHAR in the fifth year are negative 1% and negative 139.7%, respectively. The highest CAR for 3 and 5 years are mining industry, with 289.29% and 226.80%, respectively. The lowest CAR for third year is trade, service & investment industry, with negative 59.36% and fifth year is agriculture with negative 59.72%. The lowest BHAR for third and fifth year is trade, service and investment industry with negative 113.01% and negative 230.99 respectively. The long-run performance using cumulative abnormal return is similar with the market and cannot outperform the market.  

scholarly journals IPOs Performance Analysis: Evidence from Emerging Markets in the Balkans

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Karanović ◽  
Bisera Karanović
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the emerging markets with particular focus on the markets of Balkan countries. The paper provides analysis of long and short performance of IPOs. In the Balkan emerging markets IPOs are relatively rarely used. Although all observed Balkan countries have gone through processes of transition from planned economies to market economies in the past 25 years, just a few state-owned companies have been privatized by use of IPOs. Due to this specific nature of the companies the analyzed sample of IPOs is comprised of state-owned and non-state-owned companies. The results are interpreted and expounded accordingly, taking into consideration the aforementioned conjunction. The findings indicate that company characteristics, signalling variables and financial variables have influence on the IPOs short and long term performance. The paper provides academia and policymakers with new revelations concerning the IPO processes in Balkan emerging economies’ capital markets.

New Metrics for Corporate Governance

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P.M. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Hedge Funds ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

This chapter examines initial public offerings (IPOs) as funding rounds for high-tech companies and exit mechanisms for investors, as well as the stringent corporate governance requirements that apply to newly listed companies in the growth stages of their development. Current investment trends seem to indicate that the IPO market is aging: More and more high-tech companies decide to remain private longer. Moreover, public market investors, such as hedge funds and mutual funds, increasingly invest in non-listed high-tech companies, making “IPO-like” investment rounds at massive valuations a normal phenomenon in the private market. These developments have led to the belief that we are in the next tech bubble. Fortunately, however, a new “establishment” amongst investors is emerging. They realize that in order to prevent the bursting of the bubble, they must collaborate with management and actively contribute to a company’s medium-term and long-term performance.

scholarly journals The Aftermarket Performance of Initial Public Offerings in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz ◽  
Zachary A. Smith ◽  
Ather Maqsood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Market Sentiment ◽  
Long Run

This paper estimates the aftermarket performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The evidence confirms that IPOs generate statistically significant abnormal returns in the short run, which indicates that underwriters initially underprice IPOs when analyzed using a short time horizon. However, when using longer time horizons to estimate abnormal performance, the results indicate that IPOs underperform in the long-run. There is an apparent dislocation between the initial valuation set by underwriters and the premium paid by the market for these new issues. The market sentiment that causes this temporary disequilibrium eventually fades and the market reprices the newly issued shares. We conduct an extreme bounds analysis to test the sensitivity and robustness of 16 explanatory variables in determining the long-term performance of unseasoned newly issued shares. The results indicate that the long-term investment ratio, industry affiliation, market-adjusted abnormal returns, financial leverage, return on assets, IPO activity period, the aftermarket risk level of unseasoned issues, and the post-issue promoter’s holdings variables significantly affect IPOs’ aftermarket performance. Theoretically, the overreaction hypothesis, ex-ante uncertainty hypothesis and window-of-opportunity hypothesis best explain IPOs’ aftermarket performance in this study.

scholarly journals Bookbuilding e Alocação Estratégica: Evidência do Mercado Brasileiro de Ações

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Richard Saito ◽  
José André C. M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Seasoned Equity Offerings ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Equity Offerings ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Allocation Criteria

We examine four bookbuilding processes on the Brazilian stock market executed by an investment bank from 2003 to 2004. In a bookbuilding process, the investment bank has the discretionary power in pricing and in allocating shares to investors. We analyze the allocation determinants and we find empirical evidence that bookbuilding does induce investors to disclose superior information. However there is strong evidence that issues related to majority controlling position, liquidity on secondary market, and flipping activities impact on allocation criteria. We find differences between allocation determinants derived from (a) initial public offerings and (b) seasoned equity offerings, but in both cases there is a tendency to favor long term investors.

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