From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and Beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderich Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
China Coast

Ships sailing from Fujian to Southeast Asia could choose between two different sea routes. The first route followed the China coast to central Guangdong; it then led to Hainan, the Champa coast and Pulau Condore, an island near the southern tip of Vietnam. From there it continued in three directions: to Siam, to northwestern Borneo and to the Malayan east coast. Going south to the Malayan east coast was the most direct way to Trengganu, Pahang, Pulau Tioman, Johore and modern Singapore whence it was possible to sail into the Indian Ocean or to cross over to Sumatra, Bangka Island and Java.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Nurfadzilah Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
The Indian Ocean

This introductory chapter flips the more common historical perspective that European imperialism led to new patterns of legal pluralism across empires that spawned possibilities for interpolity contact and trade, acting as catalysts for the emergence of global legal regimes. It demonstrates how British and Dutch territorial jurisdictions expressed very specific relationships between territory, authority, and forms of law, and it simultaneously puts into stark relief the preponderance of diasporic Arab merchants generating their own jurisdictions across the Indian Ocean in tandem with those of the European colonist. Not only were these Arabs attuned to legal pluralism being the operative condition of law, they were also acutely aware of jurisdictional ordering and the concentration of power across time and space. The chapter proposes a spatial repositioning of the Indian Ocean from the perspective of Southeast Asia outward toward Hadramawt, a region located in present-day Yemen from which most Arabs in Southeast Asia originated. Ultimately, it presents the result of the legislation after members of the Hadhrami diaspora attempted to bring their own regulation with them, inscribing territorial lines across the Indian Ocean through law.

The Influence of the Indian Ocean on ENSO Stability and Flavor

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 2601-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia E. Wieners ◽  
Henk A. Dijkstra ◽  
Will P. M. de Ruijter
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
El Niño ◽  
East Coast ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Enso Cycle ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The effect of long-term trends and interannual, ENSO-driven variability in the Indian Ocean (IO) on the stability and spatial pattern of ENSO is investigated with an intermediate-complexity two-basin model. The Pacific basin is modeled using a fully coupled (i.e., generating its own background state) Zebiak–Cane model. IO sea surface temperature (SST) is represented by a basinwide warming pattern whose strength is constant or varies at a prescribed lag to ENSO. Both basins are coupled through an atmosphere transferring information between them. For the covarying IO SST, a warm IO during the peak of El Niño (La Niña) dampens (destabilizes) ENSO, and a warm IO during the transition from El Niño to La Niña (La Niña to El Niño) shortens (lengthens) the period. The influence of the IO on the spatial pattern of ENSO is small. For constant IO warming, the ENSO cycle is destabilized because stronger easterlies induce more background upwelling, more thermocline steepening, and a stronger Bjerknes feedback. The SST signal at the east coast weakens or reverses sign with respect to the main ENSO signal [i.e., ENSO resembles central Pacific (CP) El Niños]. This is due to a reduced sensitivity of the SST to thermocline variations in case of a shallow background thermocline, as found near the east coast for a warm IO. With these results, the recent increase in CP El Niño can possibly be explained by the substantial IO (and west Pacific) warming over the last decades.

Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1849 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM J. ARTOIS ◽  
BART S. TESSENS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Coast ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Localities ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Taxonomical Position ◽  
First Time

An overview of the Polycystididae from the Indian Ocean is presented, including the description of twelve new species. The taxonomical position of each of these species is discussed. Austrorhynchus kerguelensis n. sp., Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp., Paulodora ancora n. sp., P. contortoides n. sp., P. drepanophora n. sp., P. hamifer n. sp., P. porcellus n. sp., P. schockaerti n. sp., P. watsoni n. sp., Phonorhynchoides linguatus n. sp. and Polycystis elsae n. sp. can all be distinguished from their congeners on characteristics of the construction of the hard parts of the male system. The older records of Paulodora contorta (Schockaert & Karling, 1975) Artois & Schockaert, 1998 by Schockaert (1982) and Jouk & De Vocht (1989) are re-evaluated and the material is recognised as Paulodora drepanophora n. sp.. The subspecies P. felis asymmetrica Artois & Schockaert, 2001 is raised to the species level. Annalisella bermudensis Karling, 1978, Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus, 1954) Karling & Schockaert, 1977 and Phonorhynchoides haegheni Artois & Schockaert, 2001 are recorded for the first time in the Indian Ocean. The new material of these species is discussed and compared with older descriptions. For Alcha evelinae Marcus, 1949, Cincturorhynchus karlingi Schockaert, 1982, Djeziraia pardii Schockaert, 1971 Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831, Paulodora subcontorta (Schockaert, 1982) Artois & Schockaert, 1998 and Polycystis ali Schockaert, 1982 new localities are given, and newly collected material is discussed. The discussion of P. ali leads to the split of the species into P. ali Schockaert, 1982 from the African East Coast and Galapagos and P. californica n. sp. from California. For some of the species, new records outside the Indian Ocean are also mentioned.

A new species of Nyleta Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Veenakumari Kamalanathan ◽  
Prashanth Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The monotypic genus Nyleta was described by Dodd from Australia in 1926, with Nyleta striaticeps Dodd as the type species. A new species of Nyleta is now described and imaged from the remote island of Little Andaman in the Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands in the Indian Ocean. Variants of the same species were also collected from Tamil Nadu. The images of the holotype of N. striaticeps are also provided for the first time.

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