Hominin Femur finding from Banjarejo: Its morphological character and taxonomical position

Recently, Banjarejo became an important prehistoric site for Quaternary research because of its significant faunal and hominin remains. This study aims to describe a new finding of the hominin femur specimen from the site and its taxonomical position in human evolution. The specimen was identified by morphological and metric descriptions of the external feature of the femur. Then, comparative study to Homo erectus (n=2), Homo neanderthalensis (n=8), Homo heidelbergensis (n=1), prehistoric Homo sapiens (n=44), Australopithecus africanus (n=1), Paranthropus robustus (n=2), also non-human primate including Pongo (n=1), Macaca (n=1) and Gibbon (n=1) using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis presented the specimen in the evolutionary perspective. This study shows the morphological and metric character of Banjarejo specimen located between Homo erectus and prehistoric Homo sapiens population sample. Further study should be addressed to investigate the cultural and chronological context of the hominin specimen.

Identification of Potential Bacteria on Several Lakes in East Java, Indonesia Based on 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis

Four bacterial isolates from Ranu Pani and Ranu Grati in east java had been revealed to be potentials to produce IAA (PIS isolate), phosphate solubilizer (GPS isolate), cellulose hydrolysis (PSS isolate) and, amylum hydrolysis (PAS), two dominant bacterial isolates from Rani Pani (PØD isolate) and Ranu Grati (GØD isolate) which were co-cultured with microalgae promoted microalgae growth, yet its taxonomical position has not been clearly known. The aim of this study was to identify those bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA barcode. This research conducted by gDNA isolation, the 16S rRNA sequence was amplified using 27F and 1492R primers. Reconstructed phylogenetic trees and genetic distance analysis showed that the isolate PIS and PSS identified as Bacillus cereus Group closely related to Bacillus paramycoides. PAS isolate identified as Bacillus subtilis Group closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, GPS isolate identified as novel species in genus Enterobacter, and two dominant isolates (PØD and GØD) identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex closely related to Enterobacter cloacae. The genomic approach and additional phenotypes-examination are required to clarify its taxonomical position.

Fig. S1 & Tables S1-S4

Figure S1. Overview map of the biogeographical regions used for Table 1. Biogeographic regions are based on biogeographic realms (https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/), with three major differences: Western Palearctic (Western part of the Palearctic realm), Asia (Eastern part of the Palearctic realm combined with the Indo-Malay realm), and Australasia (Australasian realm combined with the Oceanian realm). The Palearctic realm was spilt into Western Palearctic and Eastern Palearctic, Eastern Palearctic and the Indo-Malay realm form together the Asia region, and the Australasian realm is combined with the Oceania realm to form the Australasian region.Table S1. List of described Lactifluus species, together with the year of description, taxonomical classification (subgenus, section), the indication of how this taxonomical position was defined, the source(s) of this classification, and notes.Table S2. Extra information on the preliminary study of metabarcoding data of the genus Lactifluus, retrieved from the GlobalFungi website.Table S3. Overview of the results of the preliminary study of metabarcoding data of the genus Lactifluus, retrieved from the GlobalFungi website. Due to the generally shorter length and lower quality of environmental sequence data, the numbers in the table are to be considered an estimate.Table S4. List of the putative new species found in the environmental sequences. References of studies cited are given in S3.

KOMUNIKASI SINGKAT : LAPORAN KEBERADAAN JAMUR BERACUN Podostroma cf. cornu-damae DARI LUAR BOGOR DI INDONESIA

Podostroma cf. cornu-damae in Indonesia was first reported by Boedijn in 1934 in Buitenzorg (Bogor), West Java. Since then, there have been no report of this macrofungi in Indonesia. In 2020, somel local people ( the members of the Indonesian mushroom hunter community) shared the information about the occurence of this mushroom at the forests of Tamiang Layang (Central Kalimantan) and Sukabumi (West Java). Morphological identification based on macroscopic characteristics confirmed the identity of the macrofungi as Podostroma cf. cornu-damae and Podostroma sp. The brief descriptions is also provided in this paper. Observation using microscopic characters or molecular approach is needed to be done to ensure the taxonomical position of the mushroom in the future research. This information add the inventory data on mushroom diversity in Indonesia. Keywords: Inventory, Macrofungi, Indonesia, Podostroma cf. cornu-damae

The Red Beech at the “Montagna di Torricchio”, Marche Region, Central Italy

For many centuries, red beech [(Fagus sylvatica L. var. purpurea (Ait.) Schneid.] was known as a botanical abnormality in botanical gardens and arboretums. Widespread artificially, red beech trees have been exploited for cultural, landscaping and botanical purposes, showing a wide horticultural, silvicultural and arboricultural interest. Over time, they may have escaped from cultivations or have been incorporated into forests by secondary successions, showing an important ecological and forestry interest. Red beeches represent a complex of phenotypes described under systematic critical taxa, showing an important floristic and taxonomic interest. Samples of red beech were found in nature, in central Adriatic Italy, in a fully protected area, namely the “Riserva Naturale Statale Montagna di Torricchio”. In order to analyse the origin of this odd shape beech variation, an interdisciplinary study was carried out integrating geography, ecology and forestry, analysing the bibliography, archival data, leaf traits, potential vegetation and the issues concerning the human-ecology relation. The results we obtained showed no evidence of artificial or accidental introduction for these specimens, suggesting treating them as a native and natural mutation in the beech forest secondary succession. The study of the natural beech forms variation could foster in some way research activities and land management actions on this issue; with some outlook on biodiversity studies, environmental policies, horticulture, forestry and ecological importance. The results allow us to propose a reflexion on the native/non-native status, and about the systematic position of beech forms; fostering reflections about the taxonomical position of the red beech and proposing the variety rank for the red beech specimens. The presence of these specimens in the study area, allows us to make some reflections in order to be more careful in negative considerations about exotic (or presumed) taxa, taking into account the repercussions on environment and biodiversity management. These red beeches can be used to strengthen the genetic pool of existing specimens that are actually used, and vegetatively propagated in nurseries. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Type material comparison of possible cryptic species of the genus Electrogena (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in Central Europe

The genusElectrogenaZurwerra & Tomka, 1985 is a diverse mayfly group in the Western Palaearctic with a partially unclear taxonomy, even in well-examined areas such as Central Europe. Recently, one of the species belonging to this genus,Electrogenaujhelyii(Sowa, 1981), was identified as a complex of genetically and geographically separated species. Two other species,Electrogenasamalorum(Landa, 1982) andElectrogenarivuscellanaSartori & Landolt, 1991 were formerly stated as junior synonyms of the earlier species. The fact that the synonymy ofE.samalorumandE.ujhelyiiwas stated without comparison of any larval or adult material and both species reportedly have different altitude preferences makes the taxonomical position ofE.samalorum(and possiblyE.rivuscellana) questionable. Among others, a comparison of type series is one of the first methods that should be used to clarify the taxonomical position of closely related taxa.The present study aims to comparatively examine the type material and topotypes ofE.ujhelyiiand its presumed junior synonymE.samalorumfor the first time in detail. Additionally, some notes on the status of the geographically extralimitalE.rivuscellanaare discussed briefly. We noted a significant similarity of all studied material from both the larval and imaginal stages, and suggest considering both junior synonyms (E.samalorumandE.rivuscellana) asspecies inquirendae.

Short Communication: Species identity and taxonomical position of selected species of Annonaceae based on trnL molecular marker

Lestari DA, Azrianingsih R. 2019. Species identity and taxonomical position of selected species of Annonaceae based on trnL molecular marker. Biodiversitas 20: 1012-1019. Identification based on morphological characters could be difficult when some characters are not visible. The absence of some morphological characters could effect for identification of species identity and taxonomical position of the species. Confirmation by the DNA data is needed to support species identification. The sequence was used in this research is trnL intron as non-coding sequence DNA, based on chloroplast DNA. The research aimed to estimate of species identity and determine of taxonomical position of species of Annonaceae based on trnL sequences. Methods were used through steps of DNA extraction, DNA amplification, DNA sequencing, and data analysis to selected species of Annonaceae from Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG), the trnL intron sequences of 10 Annonaceae species from GenBank database and two species of Magnoliaceae as out-group. Results showed that trnL sequence as non-coding gene explains the different groupings with the previous groupings in Annonaceae to this observed species. trnL sequence can estimate of species identity as much as 30%, caused by changes of nucleotide bases from mutation and missing data. Polymorphism of DNA sequences showed that 61.18% sites as conserved region, 24.05% sites as polymorphic variation and 14.76% sites as alignment gaps. Oxymitra sp. is in group (monophyletic) with Mitrephora javanica because they are genetically in close relationship (Uvariae tribes and Annonoideae sub-family), Popowia sp. is in group with Orophea enterocarpa, because they are genetically in close relationship (Miliuseae tribes and Malmeoideae sub-family).

Berlian, SOJ A3 and Jawa Local Rice Varieties Phylogenetically Distinct From Oryza sativa Indica and Oryza sativa Japonica

The genetic resources identification of Indonesian local rice varieties is a crucial work should be done to conserve our native germplasm. This research aimed to know the taxonomical position of East Java local rice varieties including Jawa (JW), Berlian (BR), and SOJ A3 (SJ) using DNA barcode based on rbcL gene. Total DNA of each sample was isolated from leaves. A pair of forward 5'-ATG TCA CCA CAA ACA SJA AC-3' and reverse 5'-TCG GTA CCT GCA GTA GC-3' primers were used to amplify fragments of rbcL gene resulting in 751bp, 755bp, and 754bp fragments from BR, SJ, and JW varieties, respectively. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed that our three local varieties were forming a cluster separated from the widely cultivated subspecies Oryza sativa Indica and Oryza sativa Japonica. However, further studies are necessary to reveal a more precise position of the local varieties in a phylogenetic tree on the species level.

Taxonomical position of pigmented yeast isolated from Antarctic ecosystems

Aim. To determine species composition and taxonomic position of extremotolerant Antarctic yeast. Methods. The objects of research were yeast from Antarctic soils and phytocenosis, which are stored in the Collection of Extremophilic Microorganisms at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Yeast were grown on malt wort (рН 5.0–5.5, temperature 18–20°С). Isolation of genomic DNA was performed using a commercial kit DNA-sorb; amplification of DNA preparations – use of primers NL1 and NL4; phylogenetic analysis – construction of dendrograms showing the position of the studied strains among closely related and typical species. Results. The analysis have shown a high percentage of similarity (98.4–99.9 %) of 18S rRNA genes sequences of yeast Antarctic strains and yeast sequences from the database GenBank. It was found that yeast strains belonged to phylum Basidiomycota (genera Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula) and Ascomycota (genus Exophiala). Conclusions. As it was shown by phylogenetic analysis, red yeast S33, S48, S182 clustered with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa; S14 – with Rhodosporidium diobovatum and can be attributed to these species. Extremotolerant black yeast S10, S36 and S237 refer to the species Exophiala nigra. Keywords:Antarctica, extremotolerant yeast, phylogenetic analysis, species composition.

Chemical Composition of Mn- and Cl-Rich Apatites from the Szklary Pegmatite, Central Sudetes, SW Poland: Taxonomic and Genetic Implications

Although calcium phosphates of the apatite group (apatites) with elevated contents of Mn are common accessory minerals in geochemically evolved granitic pegmatites, their Mn-dominant analogues are poorly studied. Pieczkaite, M1Mn2M2Mn3(PO4)3XCl, is an exceptionally rare Mn analogue of chlorapatite known so far from only two occurrences in the world, i.e., granitic pegmatites at Cross Lake, Manitoba, Canada and Szklary, Sudetes, SW Poland. In this study, we present the data on the compositional variation and microtextural relationships of various apatites highly enriched in Mn and Cl from Szklary, with the main focus on compositions approaching or attaining the stoichiometry of pieczkaite (pieczkaite-like apatites). The main goal of this study is to analyze their taxonomical position as well as discuss a possible mode of origin. The results show that pieczkaite-like apatites represent the Mn-rich sector of the solid solution M1(Mn,Ca)2M2(Mn,Ca)3(PO4)3X(Cl,OH). In the case of cation-disordered structure, all these compositions represent extremely Mn-rich hydroxylapatite or pieczkaite. However, for cation-ordered structure, there are also intermediate compositions for which the existence of two hypothetical end-member species can be postulated: M1Ca2M2Mn3(PO4)3XCl and M1Mn2M2Ca3(PO4)3XOH. In contrast to hydroxylapatite and pieczkaite, that are members of the apatite-group, the two hypothetical species would classify into the hedyphane group within the apatite supergroup. The pieczkaite-like apatites are followed by highly Mn-enriched fluor- and hydroxylapatites in the crystallization sequence. Mn-poor chlorapatites, on the other hand, document local contamination by the serpentinite wall rocks. We propose that pieczkaite-like apatites in the Szklary pegmatite formed from small-volume droplets of P-rich melt that unmixed from the LCT-type (Li–Cs–Ta) pegmatite-forming melt with high degree of Mn-Fe fractionation. The LCT melt became locally enriched in Cl through in situ contamination by wall rock serpentinites.