Malayan Union Citizenship: Constitutional Change and Controversy in Malaya, 1942–48

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lau
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
World War ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Union Citizenship ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World ◽  
Colonial Office

Responding to the new forces unleashed by the Second World War, Whitehall planners devised a new scheme that envisaged the creation of Malayan Union Citizenship. In a fundamental break from past practice, the new scheme sought to confer citizenship privileges on Malaya's non-Malay population. In the aftermath of the War the implementation of the new policy embroiled the Colonial Office in a major constitutional controversy that threatened not only Britain's traditional relationship with the indigenous Malay community but also the bases of British rule in Malaya.

Beyond the Railway

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-244
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This concluding chapter provides a summary of the discoveries of the Great Arab Revolt Project (GARP) from the conflict landscape of the Hejaz Railway. A decade in the desert revealed the anthropological archaeology of the Arab Revolt of 1916–18 to be more than the excavation of historically recent places or the survey of ruinous station buildings. It was rather an interdisciplinary study of the railway’s heritage from 1900 to the present, its role as a catalyst in creating a unique conflict landscape, and its intriguing relationships with earlier Hajj routes. The railway was also entangled with the beginnings of modern guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a complex and sometimes volatile mix of traditional Bedouin culture, modernity, religion, and local and national politics. Furthermore, the Revolt itself was embedded in the wider regional and geo-political framework of the First World War and its many aftermaths: the collapse of the Ottoman Empire; the creation of the modern Middle East; the rise of Arab Nationalism; the Second World War; the 2003 invasion and occupation of Iraq; the destructive legacy of the Islamic State’s short-lived Caliphate announced in 2014; and Syria’s descent into a tortuous and tragic civil war.

Design and Development of Small Aircraft Gas Turbines in France

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (655) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
World War ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World ◽  
Small Aircraft

To Describe the development in France of small gas turbines of necessity confines one to the products of the Turbomeca Company. It is therefore not through lack of modesty that I speak of those engines which have been designed and built under my direction.After the Second World War our aims were quite ambitious. We envisaged the creation of jet engines up to 6000 kg (13200 lb) thrust, as well as the aircraft to suit. We soon realised that such ideas were far beyond the industrial and financial possibilities of the time.

Britain and Brunei, 1945–1963: Imperial Retreat and Royal Ascendancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. STOCKWELL
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Nation States ◽  
British Rule ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Second World

An organizing principle of Britain's pre-war empire was collaboration with indigenous monarchies. Secure on their thrones, they legitimated British rule as well as assisting it in practical ways. While friendly princes were assets, however, uncooperative ones could be liabilities; they might obstruct attempts to exploit their resources or to modernize their governments. After the Second World War, British priorities and strategies changed. With their backs to the wall they switched from supporting princes to accommodating politicians. There was no obvious role for them in new nation-states and in many dependencies indigenous monarchies were swept aside by the onrush of nationalism. Yet in Malaya and Brunei they survived: the rulers of the peninsular Malay states did so by adjusting to political change, whereas the Sultan of Brunei flourished by preventing it.

scholarly journals The Concept of an International Institutional Bypass

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Mariana Mota Prado ◽  
Steven J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Trade ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
International Security ◽  
International System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World

The rapid proliferation of international institutions has been a defining feature of the postwar international architecture. Since the end of the Second World War, the international system has seen the creation of thousands of international treaties and organizations that have established rules governing a multitude of issues that range from international security to human rights, and from international trade to the environment.

PRAVNOISTORIJSKI POGLED NA ZELENAŠKE USLUGE U SRPSKOM PRAVU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Gavrilović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World

The paper analyzes the state reaction to usurer services, starting from the 1830s until the Second World War. At the time of the transition from the natural to the money economy, the need for money was great. Since agricultural loans were not still regulated, the money could only be requested from usurers. Thanks to that, the usurers become richer and peasants perished. Therefore, the state begins to take certain legal measures, first in the field of civil law and after that in the field of criminal law. In the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, the range of civil law measures was rich, while the criminal law reaction of the state against usurer services was modest. However, with the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and due to the process of unifications, the focus of the state actions on usurer services is shifted from civil to criminal law.

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