scholarly journals Yale University Geology and Geophysics Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nozaki ◽  
K K Turekian
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Natural Tracer

A radiocarbon dating system has been established at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University. Liquid-scintillation counting of benzene described by Noakes et al (1965) and Polach and Stipp (1967) is used. The operation of the original Yale Radiocarbon Laboratory, based on counting CO2 gas, was suspended in 1969. The present facility is operated as part of the geochemical laboratories of the Department of Geology and Geophysics. The operation is small, geared to solving geochemical problems, through the use of radiocarbon as a dating tool and as a natural tracer in combination with other geochemical parameters. The facility will collaborate on significant archaeologic and geologic problems. However, it will not be a facility to which samples are submitted routinely. We believe that commercial facilities and other laboratories dedicated to such kinds of operation are better suited to handling such diversity and volume of samples.

University of Granada Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio González-Gómez ◽  
Juan de D López-González ◽  
María Domingo-García
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of The Granada University was established to support the work of archaeologists and geologists. The method of dating is benzene synthesis and liquid scintillation counting developed by a number of investigators (Polach and Stipp, 1967; Tamers, 1969; Pietig and Scharpenseel, 1966) with sample combustion in pure oxygen (Switsur, 1974).

scholarly journals University of Granada Radiocarbon Dates V

Radiocarbon ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio Gonzalez-Gomez ◽  
Purificacion Sanchez-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
The University

This paper includes some determinations of archaeological, art and palaeobotanical samples from Spain and Portugal, obtained at the University of Granada Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, mostly from 1986 to 1988. Pretreatment of charcoal and wood samples is a standard acid-basic procedure using 8% HC1 and 2% NaOH at boiling temperature. The collagen of bone samples is obtained by the Longin (1971) method.The method of dating is benzene synthesis and liquid scintillation counting as previously reported (González-Gómez, López-González & Domingo-García 1982; González-Gómez, Sánchez-Sánchez and Domingo-García 1985; González-Gómez, Sánchez-Sánchez and Villafranca-Sánchez 1986, 1987).14C activity was measured in a Packard Tri-Carb Mod 4640 liquid scintillation spectrometer, using 20 ml low 40K counting vials with 5 ml benzene and 10 ml PPO-toluene as scintillator with a background of ca. 9 cpm. Efficiency was approximately 70% using the part of spectrum above the end point of tritium.

scholarly journals University of Granada Radiocarbon Dates VIII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Cecilio González-Gómez ◽  
Elena Villafranca-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
The University

This paper includes determinations of archaeological, geological and paleobotanical samples from Spain and Brazil, measured at the University of Granada Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, mainly from 1991 to 1992. As previously reported (González-Gómez 1992), pretreatment of charcoal and wood samples is a standard acid-basic procedure using 8% HCl and 2% NaOH at boiling temperature. The collagen of bone samples was extracted by the Longin (1971) method. The method of dating is liquid scintillation counting of synthesized benzene.

scholarly journals University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates II

Radiocarbon ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 138-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Tamers ◽  
F. J. Pearson ◽  
E. Mott Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
The University

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the University of Texas was reorganized in late 1962. The dates reported in this list were obtained from February to November, 1963. The laboratory uses liquid scintillation counting with benzene solutions (Tamers, Stipp, and Collier, 1961; Noakeset al., 1963). The chemical synthesis has been modified and improved in several ways in order to permit one worker to produce a sample per day.

scholarly journals University of Granada Radiocarbon Dates VII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Cecilio González-Gómez ◽  
Elena Villafranca-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
The University

This paper includes determinations of archaeological, geological and palaeobotanical samples from Spain and Portugal, measured at the University of Granada Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, from 1990 to 1991. Pretreatment of charcoal and wood samples is a standard acid-basic procedure using 8% HCl and 2% NaOH at boiling temperature. The collagen of bone samples is obtained by the Longin (1971) method. The method of dating is benzene synthesis and liquid scintillation counting.

scholarly journals Simon Fraser University Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Nelson ◽  
K A Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Reaction Vessel ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Simon Fraser University

The SFU Archaeology Department has constructed a small radiocarbon dating facility to serve its own needs and, to the extent that time is available, the needs of other archaeologists and earth scientists. All dates reported here were processed by our laboratory from October 1979 to September 1980. The 14C measurements are made using conventional techniques for liquid scintillation counting of benzene. The samples are burned in a Phonon Mark IV combustion bomb and the resultant CO2 is purified and converted to Li2C2 using a reaction vessel based on the design of Polach, Gower, and Fraser (ms). Acetylene is formed by hydrolysis with distilled H2O which has been aged for a minimum of three months. The acetylene is trimerized to benzene with the Mobil Durabead I catalyst. The conversion efficiency of CO2 to C6H6 is typically 95%. Gas chromatographic analysis of typical samples of the synthesized benzene indicates 99.8% purity with toluene produced in trace amounts.

scholarly journals Assessment of 0.3-ml Minivials for Radiocarbon Dating by Liquid Scintillation Counting of Benzene

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Potential Problems

I have made an evaluation of 0.3-ml minivials for 14C dating of small samples by liquid scintillation counting of benzene. A calibrated wood standard was diluted by varying amounts of ancient CO2, with synthesized benzene counted in both conventional 3.0-ml vials and 0.3-ml minivials in a 1220 Quantulus. The accuracy and precision of results are compared for samples ranging in weight from 50 to 240 mg of carbon. I examined two significant potential problems associated with handling small samples, namely, memory effects within the vacuum system, and signal within the dilution gas. Although accurate radiocarbon dates can be obtained using either standard vials or minivials, minivials are more suitable for dating small samples because they are less influenced by these sources of error.

scholarly journals Precise 14C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Radiocarbon ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Image Position

Radiocarbon dating involves a comparison of the count rate of sample carbon with that of modern reference standard material. To calculate a date the ratio Z must be determined where

scholarly journals University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates VII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Stipp ◽  
K L Eldridge ◽  
K Valenziano
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Shell Material ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Powdery Material ◽  
Partial List ◽  
Geologic Samples

The following radiocarbon measurements are a partial list of geologic samples from S Florida dated during the summer of 1975. The technique used is liquid scintillation counting of wholly synthesized benzene as indicated in R, v 16, p 402-408 and R, v 18, p 210-220. Dates are calculated using a 14C half-life of 5568 yr and errors are reported as one standard deviation. Before conversion, shell material was etched with HCl to remove all soft or powdery material. All wood and peat samples were treated with NaOH.

Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Rome Radiocarbon Dates II

Radiocarbon ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Gilberto Calderoni
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
National Council ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University

This paper includes 14C measurements of geological and environmental samples processed by liquid scintillation counting of benzene between 1991 and the end of 1992. All samples, from central and northern Italy and from the Gulf of Venice, Adriatic Sea, relate to scientific projects conducted in collaboration with colleagues from both Italian universities and National Council of Research (CNR) institutions.

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