Mary, did you consent?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Blake Hereth
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Virgin Birth ◽  
Divine Goodness

Abstract The Christian and Islamic doctrine of the virgin birth claim God asexually impregnated the Virgin Mary with Jesus, Mary's impregnation was fully consensual (virgin consent), and God never acts immorally (divine goodness). First, I show that God's actions and Mary's background beliefs undermine her consent by virtue of coercive incentives, Mary's comparative powerlessness, and the generation of moral conflicts. Second, I show that God's non-disclosure of certain reasonably relevant facts undermines Mary's informed consent. Third, I show that a recent attempt by Jack Mulder to rescue virgin consent fails. As divine goodness and virgin consent are more central to orthodoxy, Christians and Muslims have powerful reason to reject virgin birth.

scholarly journals ‘... conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary’: The exposition of the Heidelberg Catechism in the light of present-day criticism

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius W.C. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Virgin Birth ◽  
Peter Berger ◽  
Liberal Protestantism ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Questions And Answers

The article is a contribution to the 450 year celebrations of the Heidelberg Catechism (HC). Sunday 14, Questions and Answers 35 and 36 receive attention. It deals with the two statements of the creed ‘… conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary’. The exposition of the HC is compared to the catechisms of Zacharias Ursinus and John Calvin in order to capture something about the historicity of the text. The exposition of the creed is an on-going process. Karl Barth, Eberhard Busch and Jan Milič Lochman are good examples of Reformed theologians who remain faithful to the intention of the HC, but who explain these statements with present-day criticism in mind. The exposition of Peter Berger is valuable because this sceptic argues that the opinion of modern, liberal Protestantism is of no value. The article concludes that the ‘virgin birth’ as such has no great value. It is only one aspect of the Christian gospel. It also does not proof the divinity of Christ. The divinity of Christ is presupposed.

Some Reflections on the Subject of the Virgin Birth

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. B. Cranfield
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Rational Argument ◽  
Holy Ghost ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Virgin Birth ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
The Subject

The affirmation that Jesus Christ ‘was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary’ is beset by many problems and difficulties, and to deny or try to ignore their existence is bad theological scholarship. But it is also bad theological scholarship — though this is sometimes in danger of being overlooked —to refuse to consider seriously and with as open a mind as possible any evidence or any rational argument, whether historical or theological, which can be adduced as in any way supporting this affirmation of the Apostles' Creed. It seems to me that neither those who accept the historicity of the Virgin Birth nor those who reject it have a monopoly of prejudice. I cannot here attempt anything like a full or systematic discussion of this difficult and controversial subject. The best I can do is to set down briefly and as clearly as I can a few reflections as a very modest contribution to the on-going debate.

The Blessed Virgin Mary and the Virgin Birth

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Katherine G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Luke ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Virgin Birth ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marian Apparitions

This chapter surveys the place of Mary, the mother of Jesus, in the Christian tradition. It examines her place in the New Testament, with particular focus on her role in the infancy narrative found in the Gospel of Luke. It also considers Mary’s place in the early Church, from the first Christian community through the Christological councils of the fourth and fifth centuries The chapter includes a brief history of Marian devotions such as the Rosary from the Reformation period to modern day, including debate over the Immaculate Conception and the perpetual virginity of Mary, and the history of Marian apparitions at Lourdes, Guadaloupe, Mexico, and Guadaloupe, Spain.

Tools and Resources: Web Sites of Interest

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Physician Relationship ◽  
Complete History

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, explains that independent medical evaluations (IMEs) are not the same as impairment evaluations, and the evaluation must be designed to provide the data to answer the questions asked by the requesting client. This article continues discussions from the September/October issue of The Guides Newsletter and examines what occurs after the examinee arrives in the physician's office. First are orientation and obtaining informed consent, and the examinee must understand that there is no patient–physician relationship and the physician will not provide treatment bur rather will send a report to the client who requested the IME. Many physicians ask the examinee to complete a questionnaire and a series of pain inventories before the interview. Typical elements of a complete history are shown in a table. An equally detailed physical examination follows a meticulous history, and standardized forms for reporting these findings are useful. Pain and functional status inventories may supplement the evaluation, and the examining physician examines radiographic and diagnostic studies. The physician informs the interviewee when the evaluation is complete and, without discussing the findings, asks the examinee to complete a satisfaction survey and reviews the latter to identify and rectify any issues before the examinee leaves. A future article will discuss high-quality IME reports.

1078: A Rabbit, Uroscopy and the Virgin Mary

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
Casey K. Ng ◽  
E. Darracott Vaughan ◽  
Erich Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary

FDA Reviews One Informed Consent Rule

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent

Informed Consent

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bowman ◽  
John Spicer ◽  
Rehana Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent

Autonomy, Privacy and the Implementation of the Principle of Informed Consent with regard to the Nursing Interventions from the View of elderly People

Pflege ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schopp ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Gerd Bansemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Ältere Menschen ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Patient’S Autonomy

Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Autonomie, Privatheit und die Umsetzung des Prinzips der «informierten Zustimmung» aus der Perspektive des institutionell zu betreuenden, älteren Menschen zu beschreiben. Die Untersuchung ist ein Teil des durch die EU-Kommission unterstützten BIOMED 2 Projektes «Patient’s autonomy and privacy in nursing interventions»1. Interviewdaten (n = 95) wurden in deutschen Kliniken der Geriatrie und Pflegeheimen gesammelt. Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Teilnehmer in geringem Maß selbstbestimmte Entscheidungen treffen konnten. Das Prinzip der «informierten Zustimmung» wurde wenig umgesetzt. Ihre Privatheit sahen die Teilnehmer in Mehrbettzimmern sowie in Situationen des Ankleidens und bei der Verrichtung der Ausscheidungen nicht respektiert. Es ist anzunehmen, dass ältere Menschen wegen Informationsdefiziten, durch ihren Hilfsbedarf und durch die festgelegten Organisationsstrukturen der Pflegeeinrichtungen eine passive Krankenrolle übernehmen. Es wäre denkbar, dass die Autonomie der älteren Menschen gefördert werden könnte, wenn die Pflegekräfte sie in der Rolle des Fürsprechers bei selbstbestimmten Entscheidungen unterstützen würden. Bei den pflegerischen Interventionen würde die Umsetzung des Prinzips der «informierten Zustimmung» sowohl die Autonomie als auch die Respektierung der Privatheit fördern. Es ist außerdem anzunehmen, dass durch Flexibilisierung der Organisationsstrukturen der Pflegeeinrichtungen die Autonomie und Lebensqualität der älteren Menschen gefördert werden könnte.

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