How Audience Members Envision New Testament Characters: Mental Character Models, Blending, and the Reception of Luke 1:5–2:52

In the Gospel of Luke 1–2, the narrator focuses on two couples and their (future) sons. The plot of the narrative emphasizes the main characteristics of the characters, which in turn accentuate important characteristics of God. Audience members construct these characters like real-life persons based on the discourse aspect (textual features which indicate character traits, plots, focalization, etc.) and the suggestion aspect (memories, emotions, schemata that are activated or primed, etc.). In this article, the construction of characters is analyzed with insights into mental character models and social schemata. The linear presentation of information in orally performed narratives structures the first part of the analysis. The latter part draws on conceptual blending theory to explore how the character of God is constructed based on selected information projected from the utterances of the other characters to the blended space.

Theological and Exegetical Foundations of some Translation Solutions in BTD (Based on Chapters 1-12 of the Gospel of Luke). Part III

В данной статье, посвящённой первым двенадцати главам Евангелия от Луки, мы продолжаем сравнивать переводческие решения BTD и других переводов как на русский, так и на западноевропейские языки. Наибольшее внимание уделяется определению точного значения греческих лексем и их адекватному переводу. На основании лексикографических данных, анализа новозаветных контекстов и богословских соображений предлагается новый перевод ряда евангельских мест, в большей степени учитывающий семантические нюансы исходного текста. Также рассматриваются текстологические проблемы, в частности, в шестом разделе предлагаются аргументы в пользу византийского чтения против чтения NANTG. The article continues the analysis of the new German translation of the Four Gospels in the Byzantine tradition (BTD). This time a number of passages from the Gospel of Luke are considered. The major theme of the article is interpretation of semantic force of some Greek words - including the issue of lexical Hebraisms which is discussed in section 1 - based on lexicografical material, and also on contextual and theological considerations. It shows that BTD offers in a number of cases a more nuanced translation than is usual. Issues of textual criticism are also discussed. In one case arguments for the Byzantine text against the NANTG reading are presented (section 6). The author notes strong and weak points in the modern Russian translations of the relevant passages.

Notes on the Modal Predicator naada in Sakha (from a Taimyr Dolgan Perspective)

This paper addresses the syntax, semantics, and history of the modal deontic predictors naada and tustaax in Sakha and contrasts their use with Sakha's closest linguistic relative Taimyr Dolgan. In this respect, this study is a continuation of Siegl (2019), which, in passing, already reported similarities and dissimilarities in these two closely related Turkic languages of Northern and Northeastern Siberia. A contrastive analysis based on recent translations of the Gospel of Luke (which for the time being is the only longer text available in both languages) confirms that the genealogical proximity of Sakha and Taimyr Dolgan is not reflected in the use of naada and tustaax. The study concludes with a superficial look at the fate of Russian nado in Kolyma and Tundra Yukaghir. Even though the lexeme is obviously of Russian origin, Kolyma Yukaghir but especially Tundra Yukaghir data shows several similarities with Sakha naada, which are absent from Russian and therefore imply Sakha influence.

Making mega-space for others: Towards theology of mega-friendship from the table fellowship story according to Luke 5:27–32

The purpose of the article is to interpret the story of the table fellowship in the Gospel of Luke 5:27–32 and construct the theology of mega-friendship with the Other in the context of a pluralistic society. What is happening in the present is that human communities should be living together and facing the fact of differences in the races, ethnic groups, cultural entities or religious communities. In this context, there is a kind of global fear of strangers, rejection of others and conflict or violence against those who differ. By interpreting the text, I argue that Christianity is called to participate in the mega-friendship created by God by making mega-space and befriending the Other. Mega-friendship in the table fellowship is to sustain life in love, equality, compassion, peace and transformation. The theology’s construction begins by explaining the socio-historical context of the table fellowship story, exposing the meaning of the story and constructing the theology of mega-friendship in the context of a pluralistic society.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research has interdisciplinary implications. It departs from New Testament studies to constructive theology by using a pluralism perspective. By interpreting the table fellowship story in Luke 5:27–32, there is a meaning of the text on theology of friendship and its relevance as a sign of Christian presence in the pluralistic society of the Indonesian context.

Ancient patronage: A possible interpretative context for Luke 18:18–23?

Against the conventional reading of Luke 18:18–23 as a micro-narrative that revolves around discipleship and the dangers of wealth with regard to inheriting the Kingdom of God, this article reads the text using patronage (and clientism) as a model. It argues that this micro-narrative also mirrors patronal relations in the 1st-century Roman Palestine through which a few elites exploited the majority poor. The description of the chief protagonist in the narrative as a ruler, who was also rich, by Luke casts him in a negative light as a patron who exploited the poor around him who were his clients. From this standpoint, it is therefore argued in the article that the strategy of the narrative is to encourage patrons to move from negative and balanced reciprocity to ‘general reciprocity’ in which giving to the poor without the desire to receive back dominates. This interpretation is still within the framework of the theology of wealth in the Gospel of Luke, which encourages ‘giving without the expectation to receive back’.Contribution: This article argues that the micro-narrative of Luke 18:18–23 mirrors patronal relations of 1st-century Palestine. From Luke’s description of rich ruler, the first hearers of Luke probably thought of him as a patron who exploited his clients, the poor. The call by Jesus to self-divesture therefore is a call for patrons to move beyond negative and balanced reciprocity to practice general reciprocity in which giving to the poor, without the want to receive back, dominates; this is social-scientific criticism of Luke 18:18–23 mostly neglected in Lukan scholarship.

Ciri Khas Eskatologi Injil Lukas

The Gospel of Luke is a complete gospel in the process of compilation. In the material compiled, this research describes the topic of eschatology which was a controversial topic at that time. Even the controversy over eschatological interpretation has continued throughout the centuries. This paper aims to elaborate eschatological thoughts according to Luke's gospel. This paper examines Luke's narratives related to the last days. The research method used by the researcher is to conduct a thematic analysis of Luke's gospel narrative regarding eschatology. In detail, the implementation of the research was carried out in the following stages; the first stage is to look at the purpose of Luke's theology, so that by looking at Luke's goals, the description of the eschatology that Luke reports becomes clearer. In addition to examining the textual evidence of Luke's gospel, this paper also considers the thoughts of New Testament scholars in order to sharpen the interpretations found. As a result, the principle of the development of revelation became the foundation of Luke's eschatological thinking. The peculiarities of Luke's Eschatology can be understood in three aspects, namely the eschatological promise, the beginning of the fulfillment of the promise and the hope of the perfection of the promise. The eschatological promise forms the basis of a sure hope for believers throughout the centuries.Injil Lukas merupakan injil yang lengkap dalam proses penyusunan. Dalam materi yang disusun, penelitian ini menuturkan topik eskatologi yang merupakan topik kontroversial pada masa itu. Bahkan kontroversi tafsir eskatologis terus berlangsung sepanjang abad. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengelaborasi pemikiran-pemikiran eskatologis menurut injil Lukas. Tulisan ini meneliti penuturan-penuturan Lukas berhubungan dengan zaman akhir. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti adalah dengan melakukan analisa tematik terhadap narasi injil Lukas berkenaan dengan eskatologi. Secara rinci pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan tahapan sebagai berikut; tahapan pertama adalah melihat tujuan teologi Lukas, sehingga dengan melihat tujuan Lukas, maka gambaran tentang eskatologi yang dilaporkan Lukas menjadi lebih jelas. Selain meneliti bukti tekstual dari injil Lukas, tulisan ini juga mempertimbangkan pemikiran dari para ahli Perjanjian Baru guna mempertajam tafsiran yang ditemukan. Hasilnya, prinsip perkembangan pewahyuan menjadi landasan dalam pemikiran eskatologi Lukas. Kekhasan Eskatologi Lukas dapat dipahami dalam tiga aspek yaitu Janji eskatologis, awal penggenapan janji dan pengharapan kesempurnaan janji. Janji eskatologis menjadi dasar dari sebuah pengharapan yang pasti bagi orang percaya di sepanjang abad.

POSISI PEREMPUAN DALAM INJIL LUKAS: Sebuah Kajian dengan Perspektif Honor and Shame Melalui Kisah Elisabet

The number of female figures who appear in Luke's gospel behind a social context that places women in a lower position than men, raises questions about the position of women in Luke's gospel. This article aims to explore the woman in Luke's gospel through the story of Elizabeth. Because the issue of women's position related to social status, the analysis in this study will be based on the perspective of honor and shame with symbolic methods in cultural anthropology as the methodology. The results of this analysis show a positive and significant position for women in the Gospel of Luke. This is shown through the symbols of honor embedded in Elizabeth, as well as her significant and prominent role. Even Elizabeth is shown to be in a much more positive position than her husband, Zacharias. Elizabeth shows that women, like men, can play an important role as patrons, witnesses, and prophets. The way Luke positions Elizabeth indicates that there is an elevation of honor for women to an equal position with men. Keywords: honor and shame, cultural anthropology, Elizabeth, women’s position, the Gospel of Luke Abstrak: Banyaknya tokoh perempuan yang dimunculkan di Injil Lukas di balik konteks sosial yang menempatkan perempuan pada posisi yang lebih rendah daripada laki-laki, menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai posisi perempuan dalam Injil Lukas. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi posisi perempuan dalam Injil Lukas melalui kisah Elisabet. Mengingat isu tentang posisi perempuan berhubungan dengan status sosial, maka analisis dalam penelitian ini akan didasarkan pada perspektif honor and shame dengan metode simbolik dalam antropologi budaya sebagai metodologinya. Hasil dari analisis ini memperlihatkan posisi yang positif dan signifikan bagi perempuan dalam Injil Lukas. Hal ini diperlihatkan melalui simbol-simbol kehormatan yang disematkan kepada Elisabet, serta perannya yang terlihat signifikan dan menonjol. Bahkan Elisabet diperlihatkan pada posisi yang jauh lebih positif daripada Zakharia, suaminya. Elisabet memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan, seperti juga laki-laki, dapat berperan penting sebagai patron, saksi, dan penyampai nubuat. Cara Lukas memosisikan Elisabet ini mengindikasikan adanya pengangkatan kehormatan perempuan pada posisi yang setara dengan laki-laki. Kata-kata Kunci: honor and shame, antropologi budaya, Elisabet, posisi perempuan, Injil Lukas.