38. Solar production and modulation of cosmic rays, and their propagation through interplanetary space

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900237947 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 355-376

Author(s):

J. A. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Solar Flare ◽

De Novo ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Specific Model ◽

Particle Energy ◽

Intensity Increase ◽

Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽

Interplanetary Magnetic Fields

The principal characteristics for changes of cosmic ray intensity as a function of time and primary particle energy are reviewed for those intensity variations which are thought to be of non-terrestrial origin. These variations are either (a) temporary increases of cosmic ray intensity arising from thede novoproduction of cosmic ray particles in the vicinity of the sun in association with some solar flares, or (b) the modulation of extra-solar cosmic radiation within the interplanetary volume by a modulation mechanism related to solar activity.The study of these variations for low-energy cosmic ray particles is also a unique tool for the investigation of interplanetary magnetic fields and other properties of interplanetary space. As an example, the cosmic ray events associated with the giant solar flare of 23 February 1956 have been studied. The experimental evidence shows that interplanetary magnetic fields must exist for the storage and redistribution of the solar flare cosmic ray particles. A more specific model indicates that disordered magnetic fields lie mainly beyond the orbit of the earth and that diffusion through these irregular magnetic fields is the prominent mechanism for particle storage. In addition, this cosmic ray intensity increase was fortunately superposed in such a way upon a change of intensity arising from a modulation mechanism that it is possible to restrict the kinds of models which account for modulation of cosmic ray intensity within the interplanetary volume.

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On the Increase in Cosmic Ray Intensity and the Electromagnetic State in Interplanetary Space during the Solar Flare of Feb. 23, 1956

Tellus ◽

10.1111/j.2153-3490.1958.tb01992.x ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dieter Eckhartt

Keyword(s):

Solar Flare ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Cosmic Ray Intensity

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Prediction of galactic cosmic ray intensity variation for a few (up to 10-12) years ahead on the basis of convection-diffusion and drift model

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-23-3003-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 3003-3007 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. I. Dorman

Keyword(s):

Interplanetary Space ◽

Intensity Variation ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Particle Energy ◽

Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽

Convection Diffusion ◽

Drift Model ◽

Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽

Near Future

Abstract. We determine the dimension of the Heliosphere (modulation region), radial diffusion coefficient and other parameters of convection-diffusion and drift mechanisms of cosmic ray (CR) long-term variation, depending on particle energy, the level of solar activity (SA) and general solar magnetic field. This important information we obtain on the basis of CR and SA data in the past, taking into account the theory of convection-diffusion and drift global modulation of galactic CR in the Heliosphere. By using these results and the predictions which are regularly published elsewhere of expected SA variation in the near future and prediction of next future SA cycle, we may make a prediction of the expected in the near future long-term cosmic ray intensity variation. We show that by this method we may make a prediction of the expected in the near future (up to 10-12 years, and may be more, in dependence for what period can be made definite prediction of SA) galactic cosmic ray intensity variation in the interplanetary space on different distances from the Sun, in the Earth's magnetosphere, and in the atmosphere at different altitudes and latitudes.

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Sudden Increases in Cosmic Ray Intensity

Australian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1071/ph690127 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

R Anda ◽

B Aparicio ◽

LV Sud ◽

M Zubieta

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

Solar Flare ◽

Cosmic Radiation ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Continuous Recording ◽

Intensity Increase ◽

The Sun ◽

Cosmic Ray Intensity

At different times during a period of continuous recording of cosmic rays large increases in the intensity of cosmic radiation have been observed. Most of these are associated with formations on the visible side of the Sun. However, there are two exceptions: Carmichael et al. (1961) believe that the November 20,1960 increase in intensity was due to a solar flare on the reverse side of the Sun, and Sud (1968) has shown that the intensity increase of January 28,1967 also may not be connected with chromospheric eruptions on the visible side of the Sun.

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