Changing Planning Perspectives of Agricultural Development in Malaysia

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-435
Author(s):  
Martin Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Effective Policy

Malaysia's planning organization has become the institutional centrepiece of that country's development effort. Indeed, Malaysia ranks as one of the non-Communist developing countries where planning is most highly institutionalized. Malaysian planning evolved as an effective policy mechanism for directing the authoritative allocation of public resources towards declared developmental objectives. Despite this attachment to national planning, Malaysia remains a staunchly market-oriented, open, and predominantly private enterprise economy. Nevertheless, as the role of planning expanded, private sector activity became increasingly subject to policy interventions predicated upon the politically-determined goals of development planning.

Changing Planning Perspectives of Agricultural Development in Malaysia

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Effective Policy

Malaysia's planning organization has become the institutional centrepiece of that country's development effort. Indeed, Malaysia ranks as one of the non-Communist developing countries where planning is most highly institutionalized. Malaysian planning evolved as an effective policy mechanism for directing the authoritative allocation of public resources towards declared developmental objectives. Despite this attachment to national planning, Malaysia remains a staunchly market-oriented, open, and predominantly private enterprise economy. Nevertheless, as the role of planning expanded, private sector activity became increasingly subject to policy interventions predicated upon the politically-determined goals of development planning.

The Role of Agriculture in the Development Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Poverty Status

Agriculture plays the role of providing employment, income, food, raw materials, and foreign exchange earnings for people. The ability and the inability of agriculture in playing the provisioning roles, in varying degrees, define the poverty status of those engaged in it. It is a paradox that a majority of those who are engaged in agriculture, especially in developing countries, tend to be associated with such poverty-linked characteristics as low income, hunger, deprivation, and vulnerabilities. There is therefore the need to refocus on defining the concept of agriculture with a view to bringing out its role in the development process and how the roles can be effectively achieved by the majority of those engaged in it. The objectives of the chapter include describing the expected roles of agriculture in the development process; highlighting the performance of the agriculture sector; describing the role of agricultural credit in agricultural development; defining the concept of extreme poverty; highlighting some of the strength and weaknesses of incometrics, highlighting vulnerability views of poverty; discussing measurement of extreme poverty; and highlighting feminization of formal agricultural finance. The chapter concludes with recommendations. The methodology is based on systematic reviews of relevant literature. The findings include how agriculture can play the roles expected of it and effectively empower those who are engaged in it. The chapter shares the view that majority of those engaged in agriculture in most developing countries are women, and that poverty has a feminine face and so advances the feminization of formal agricultural finance interventions. The chapter is concluded with relevant recommendations.

scholarly journals Can Foreign Aid Dampen the Threat of Terrorism to International Trade? Evidence from 78 Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Ivo J. Leke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Risky Investment ◽  
Trade Distribution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effective Policy

The study investigates whether development assistance can be used to crowd-out the negative effect of terrorism on international trade. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984–2008 and quantile regressions. The following main findings are established. First, bilateral aid significantly reduces the negative effect of transnational terrorism on trade in the top quantiles of trade distribution. Second, multilateral aid also significantly mitigates the negative effect of terrorism dynamics on trade in the top quantiles of trade distributions. It follows that it is primarily in countries with above-median levels of international trade that development assistance can be used as an effective policy tool for dampening the adverse effects of terrorism on trade. Practical implications are discussed. Moreover, steps or strategies that can be adopted by managers of corporations involved in international trade are provided, inter alia: (a) the improvement in physical security in high risky places, (b) the reduction of uncertainty linked with politically risky investment environments, (c) the reduction of costs associated with investments in locations that are very likely to be impacted by terrorism, (d) the role of security consultants and (e) the enhancement of security in networks. JEL: F40, F23, F35, Q34, O40

scholarly journals Strategi Agricultural-Demand-Led-Industrialization dalam Perspektif Peningkatan Kinerja Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Petani

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agriculture Development ◽  
Agricultural Demand

<strong>English</strong><br />The new paradigm of agricultural development placed Agricultural-Demand-Led-Industrialization (ADLI) strategy as an industrialization strategy emphasizing agriculture development program and setting the agriculture sector as a prime mover of industry and other sectors. The strategy is considered appropriate to be applied in developing countries which agriculture sector is their main resource. This paper aims to analyze the role of ADLI strategy in developing countries, including Indonesia, on macroeconomic performance and on farmers and land less households’ income improvement. The main result of this study is that ADLI strategy has an important role on macroeconomic performance, especially on labor absorption, GDP improvement as well as on other sector’s income acceleration. However, the strategy is quite a distance from an ideal implementation in terms of household income distribution. The benefit gained from agriculture and agroindustry sector development was mostly pour to non agriculture households in urban areas while farmer’s households and especially those of landless gained  the least.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Paradigma baru pembangunan pertanian menempatkan strategi Agricultural-Demand-Led- Industrialization (ADLI) sebagai strategi industrialisasi yang menitikberatkan program pembangunan di sektor pertanian dan menjadikan sektor pertanian sebagai penggerak pembangunan sektor industri dan sektor-sektor lain.  Strategi pembangunan ini dipandang sesuai diterapkan di negara-negara berkembang yang memiliki sumberdaya utama di sektor pertanian.  Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peran strategi ADLI yang telah diterapkan di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi makro dan meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga petani dan buruh tani. Kesimpulan pokok dari kajian ini adalah bahwa strategi ADLI berperan  baik khususnya dalam  penyerapan tenaga kerja, peningkatan PDB dan perannya dalam mengakselerasi pertumbuhan sektor-sektor lain.  Namun dalam hal distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga, strategi ADLI masih jauh dari penerapan yang ideal. Manfaat pengembangan sektor pertanian primer dan agroindustri lebih banyak mengalir ke rumah tangga nonpertanian di kota, sedangkan buruh tani dan petani menerima pendapatan terkecil.

scholarly journals Human Factors that Derail Extension Services Delivery in Developing Countries: Implications for Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
EN Ajani ◽  
EA Onwubuya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Training Materials

The paper examines human factors derailing extension services delivery in developing countries. Poor management of rewards and incentives; quality of work life; poor assessment system; limited quality of human resource; inadequate extension support training materials; inconsistencies of government programmes; inadequate staff training and poor extension programme evaluation were viewed as major constraints. Considering the role of extension to agricultural development, the paper recommends that efforts should be made by the various stakeholders in agricultural extension services to improve the capability of human resources involved in extension services and highlights the need for government agricultural programmes to be consistent to enable the beneficiaries of such programmes derive the benefits that will boost productivity in agriculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14015 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (2): 54-57, December, 2012

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