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2022 ◽  
pp. 198-215
Author(s):  
Elsa Diez-Busto ◽  
Ana Fernandez-Laviada ◽  
Lidia Sanchez-Ruiz

Compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda represents a large investment that cannot be obtained solely through public resources. Therefore, it is necessary for the private sector to align itself with the SDGs and integrate them into its business model. In an attempt to align private interests with the SDGs, various impact measurement initiatives have emerged in recent years. However, none of them have been universally accepted, in part, because they still have weaknesses. As an alternative, some companies have chosen to become certified. The figures show that the B Corp certification is one of the most important ones internationally, since it has been growing at a rapid pace since its creation. In fact, there are currently almost 4,000 certified companies throughout the world. Despite this fact, there are very few studies which analyze the main effects of this certification yet. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to validate a questionnaire that collects these effects through a Delphi study, formed by a panel of experts in the B Corp movement.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1175-1189
Author(s):  
Mónica Rodríguez-Castro ◽  
Spencer Salas ◽  
Jatnna Acosta

In metro Charlotte, North Carolina, dynamic newcomer Latinx communities have changed the demographics of K-8 education as the region has emerged as a new gateway for an influx of immigrants and migrants. Today, in what has come to be known as “the New Latino South,” K-12 teachers are eager to expand their knowledge base for working with this relatively new population. To that end, bilingual (Spanish/English) educators are increasingly tapped to serve as impromptu interpreters as monolingual administrators and teachers interact more frequently with Spanish dominant communities. Drawing from an in-depth interview sequence, the chapter narrates a Dominican-American's lived experience with simultaneous K-12-based interpreting as a K-12 student teacher, and a licensed early-grades educator. This chapter theorizes the layered emotional and professional advocacy of heritage-language bilingual school-based professionals and their agency in advancing access and equity to public resources with recommendations for policy and practice.


2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 02041
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Zhang ◽  
Yuting Cao ◽  
Yuzhang Li

This paper introduced Helbing’s social force model, modified it with game theory. Then how individuals in the space behave in dynamic non-cooperative games was described, different macro grouping characteristics were obtained. Individual behaviours at the micro level were simulated. Setting different parameters and conditions of the model, the macro effects of individual behaviours were observed. The overall behaviour of the system was studied. It could be used to guide the allocation of public resources.


2021 ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Yuliia Tatarinova ◽  
Olha Sinelnikova

Prioritizing bug fixes becomes a daunting task due to the increasing number of vulnerability disclosure programs.  When making a decision, not only the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) but also the probability of exploitation, the trend of particular security issues should be taken into account. This paper aims to discuss the sources and approaches for measuring degree of interest in a specific vulnerability at a particular point in real-time. This research presents а new metric and estimation model which is based on vulnerability assessment. We compared several techniques to determine the most suitable approach and relevant sources for improving vulnerability management and prioritization problems. We chose the Google Trend analytics tool to gather trend data, distinguish main features and build data set. The result of this study is the regression equation which helps efficiently prioritize vulnerabilities considering the public interest in the particular security issue. The proposed method provides the popularity estimation of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) using public resources.


2021 ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Kukučková ◽  
Marie Poláchová

Participatory budgeting (PB) is often discussed as a tool to support active participation of citizens in the decision-making in the matters of the distribution of public resources. However, little was said about the possibility that the choice of a voting method used in the voting phase of the PB process could affect the participation in PB. In the Czech Republic, the Democracy 2.1 (D21) voting method is often used in municipalities implementing PB and additionally, it is promoted as a method to encourage more people to vote. This article aims to determine Czech municipalities with the D21 method and its modification, and to evaluate the impact of choosing these voting methods on participation rate in PB. The study suggests that the choice of a voting method is relevant for citizens´ engagement in voting. Based on the empirical findings, the D21 method and its modification are associated with a higher voter turnout in PB than another voting method. Further, the results underline the influence of external organizations offering online platforms for voting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Radosław Antonów

Following Poland’s regaining of independence in 1918, the country had to face a considerable range of challenges virtually at all levels of government functioning. Rebuilding the Polish state involved major expenditure, which, on the one hand, implied raising public resources in a sustainable way, while, on the other hand, the need to prioritizeand use public funds efficiently while implementing public undertakings set by the state. The huge scale of the needs coupled with limited financial resources forced Poland’s government, as it were, to develop suitable legal arrangements in the 1930s. Those measures were designed to spend public funds on the country’s reconstruction in a manner that was efficient, purposeful, economical, and competitive. The key legal measure at that time was the Act of 15 February 1933 on Supplies and Works for the Benefit of the Treasury, Local Government and Public Law Institutions. Moreover, the relevant implementing act was Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 29 January 1937 on Supplies and Works for the Benefit of the Treasury, Local Government and Public Law Institutions. Both acts implemented innovative legal measures in terms of public-service contracts which were in force not only until the outbreak of the Second World War (they were subsequently repealed by the rules established in PRL — Polish People’s Republic), considering that they also provided a basis for the new rules governing public spending implemented after 1990 and set out in the Act of 10 June 1994, Public Procurement Law.


2021 ◽  
pp. 001312452110654
Author(s):  
Richard Miller ◽  
Katrina Liu

The 2020 COVID-19 disaster triggered an educational crisis in the United States, deeply exacerbating the inequities present in education as schools went online. This primary impact may not be the only one, however: literature describes a secondary impact of such disasters through “disaster capitalism,” in which the private sector captures the public resources of disaster-struck communities for profit. In response to these warnings, we ask how schools, families, and communities can counteract disaster capitalism for educational equity. To address this question, we first synthesize a critical framework for analyzing digital inequity in education. We then dissect the strategies disaster capitalism uses to attack the school-family-community relationship and exacerbate digital inequity in “normal” times as well as during crises. Employing the notion of community funds of knowledge, we next examine the resources schools, families, and communities can mobilize against disaster capitalism and digital inequity. Finally, guided by the concepts of generative change and transformative learning, we consider actionable practices of countering disaster capitalism for a transformative education.


Author(s):  
Oshiel Martínez Chapa ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Salazar Castillo ◽  
Saul Roberto Quispe Aruquipa

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that have driven the public debt in Mexico and its consequences on the economy. The hypothesis proposed is that the increase in debt is related to factors such as discretion in the management of public resources, the guarantee of oil resources, the cost of financial bailouts and the growing social spending exercised. The research question is: How has public debt evolved in the medium and long term, and what are the consequences? The methodology used is qualitative in that it analyzes the facts and documents, and the second is quantitative in that it uses a regression model in which a growth rate of the variable in question is used. The data come from institutions such as the Bank of Mexico, the World Bank, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), as well as World Population Review. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for governments to adopt responsible policies in order to influence growth and economic development, and not that austerity policies cause low investment and unemployment in the country.


Author(s):  
John P Maketo ◽  
Bismark Mutizwa

The subject of COVID-19 vaccines has generated debate across the globe as it has created a fecund ground for a plethora of dynamics such as vaccine diplomacy, misinformation, and struggle for dominance among global powers to mention but a few. Thus, the vaccine subject has taken-center stage in global discourses, resulting in developing and developed nations experiencing challenges in respect to purchase, transparency, and accountability in the administration of vaccines. The subject of vaccines in Zimbabwe has provoked public skepticism indicative of the existing trust deficit between government and the citizens. This emanates from strong evidence of abuse of public resources and hence questions of transparency and accountability especially in relation to disaster situations. To this end, this paper seeks to bring to light the trends and dynamics in vaccine procurement and distribution in Zimbabwe. The study examines the correlation between vaccine diplomacy (donation-trap diplomacy) and vaccine purchases. A chronological analysis of the approved vaccines, rejection of Johnson and Johnson and sudden acceptance, natural resource implications of the donations from ALROSA, poor public resource management, vaccine shortages, vaccine misinformation and vaccine cheating. Possible ways of enhancing vaccine intake through quality information are also discussed and Zimbabwe`s performance against other African nations is examined. The research ends by proposing a series of questions which should be embraced to fully comprehend the trends and dynamics of vaccine procurement and distribution.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Delgado-Rodríguez ◽  
Sonia De Lucas-Santos

Purpose This study aims to analyze whether tax compliance is the basis for the short-run dynamics of the development of welfare and happiness. The strengthening of tax compliance of corporates and citizens is not only important to achieve the goals assumed by fiscal policy but also is part of the values that can generate a higher level of welfare and happiness in Europe. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a dynamic factor model to offer new indexes that allow to monitor tax compliance, public spending and happiness trajectories and to evaluate their short-run relationships. Next, an analysis of the cyclical characteristics in terms of duration, amplitude and intensity is provided using the Harding and Pagan method (2002). Findings The empirical findings show that the European countries were able to reinforce tax compliance during the expansionary periods of the economy, and this has made it possible to increase public spending, and indirectly, happiness. Otherwise, this paper shows that the contractions of public resources during the global crisis, such as the case in the COVID-19, reduced the possibilities of well-being in Europe and made it more difficult to increase public spending and happiness. Research limitations/implications This study tries to analyze the transmission channels and relationships of three very complex variables: tax compliance, public spending and happiness. Incorporating these three variables into this research, with a short-run perspective, the authors have opened a new line of research that enriched the previous analysis. Therefore, the authors’ results should be considered the first step, that this study is going to continue to unravel the complexity of these relationships. Practical implications The design of policies aimed at improving individual, corporate and the well-being of nations needs them to incorporate elements of tax compliance as an objective that has economic and social implications. Individuals and corporates contribute to a fairer and more equitable society through compliance with tax obligations. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that offers evidence on the short-run dynamics of tax revenue, public spending and happiness for a better understanding of their relationships and behavior during the different periods of the economy.


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