IV.—The Nunburnholme Cross and Anglo-Danish Sculpture in York

Archaeologia ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 209-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Royal Commission ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In 1915 Professor W. G. Collingwood completed his survey of all the Anglian and Anglo-Danish sculpture in Yorkshire. The Addenda to York published then added three fragments to the twenty-four ‘certainly or probably local to the city’. Since then, the grand total of twenty-seven has at least trebled. The main sources for this spectacular increase are the demolition of, and subsequent excavations on the site of, the church of St. Mary Bishophill Senior in 1963–4, and the much larger operations at York minster, begun in 1966 and recently completed. A full catalogue of the latter must await the completion of the excavation report. Finds to the southwest of the river Ouse appear in a recent inventory of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments. Further sculptures were found in Newgate5 and All Saints, Pavement. The material for consideration grows steadily, and it is now clear that York was an important centre for sculpture before the Norman Conquest. This paper is limited to consideration of the later Anglo-Danish sculpture, which involves presentation of recent discoveries and reassessment of some of the sculpture described by Collingwood. It also includes a reassessment of the Nunburnholme cross, which provides parallels for many of the features of York sculpture, and is now no longer an isolated work. As there is much new material to be considered, the individual carvings will be listed and briefly described, beginning with the Nunburnholme cross, which serves as a key to the different elements.

Dormount Hope

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 201-219
Author(s):  
Piers Dixon ◽  
John Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Royal Commission ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Deer Hunting ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
The Individual

Until recently, deer hunting in medieval Scotland has been poorly researched archaeologically. In Hunting and Hunting Reserves in Medieval Scotland Gilbert identified medieval parks at Stirling and Kincardine in Perthshire that William the Lion created, but it is only in recent years that excavations by Hall and Malloy have begun to explore their archaeology. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland recorded another type of hunting feature, a deer trap at Hermitage Castle, in 1996 and then re-recorded the earthwork at Dormount Hope in 2000, originally reported as two separate monuments. Although the earthworks of parks and traps display similarities in the construction of their earthwork boundaries, the individual sites have variations in their topography that beg questions about their function. This paper establishes that the earthwork is indeed a single monument which has an open end allowing deer to be driven into the natural canyon of Dormount Hope. It goes on to discuss its dating in both archaeological and documentary terms and then its function as either a park, trap or hay (haga OE). This last possibility is raised by its apparent mention in a Melrose Abbey charter of the neighbouring estate of Raeshaw dating to the last quarter of the 12th century, made by the lords of Hownam, a family of Anglian origin. This Anglian connection leads to its interpretation as a hay – a kind of deer hunting enclosure or trap known in many parts of England prior to the Norman Conquest, for which ‘hay’ place names, such as Hawick, in the Scottish Borders provide support.

scholarly journals ОДОНТОЛОГИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ БЕЛАРУСИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Наталья Александровна Лейбова
Keyword(s):  
Central European ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
First Case ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
New Material ◽  
Modern Population ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

В статье представлен новый материал по одонтологии средневекового и близкого к современности населения Беларуси. Основой для исследования послужили краниологические серии c территории г. Несвижа (Минская обл.), приуроченные к Костелу Божьего Тела. Одна из них была получена в ходе спасательных археологических работ на территории кладбища XVII–XVIII вв. у стен костела (55 индивидов), вторая – в ходе реставрационных работ в крипте. В поисках сравнительных материалов c территории Беларуси были также изучены две серии, характеризующие население г. Полоцка (Витебская обл.): серия XIII–XIV вв. c территории Нижнего замка (27 индивидов) и XVII–XVIII вв. c территории Полоцкого городища (41 индивид). Было установлено, что население, захороненное на кладбище при костеле Божьего тела в г. Несвиже и в крипте этого костела относится к кругу грацильных типов, однако в первом случае отчетливо выражены черты северного грацильного типа, во втором – мы можем говорить о присутствии некоего южного компонента в составе погребенных. В населении г. Полоцка мы можем констатировать гораздо более отчетливые различия между ранней и поздней выборками, выразившиеся в отнесении этих групп к двум разным одонтологическим типам: северному грацильному и среднеевропейскому. The article presents new material on the odontology of the medieval and near-modern population of Belarus. The study is based on craniological samples from the city of Nesvizh (Minsk region). The first one was obtained during the rescue archaeological works at the 17th–18th centuries cemetery at the walls of the Corpus Christi Church (55 individuals), the second one – as a result of restoration works in the crypt of the church. Two samples of the population of Polotsk (Vitebsk Region) were also studied as comparative materials from the territory of Belarus: the 13th–14th centuries sample from the Lower Castle (27 individuals) and the 17th–18th centuries sample from the Polotsk settlement (41 individuals). It was found that the populations buried in the cemetery at the Corpus Christi Church in the city of Nesvizh and in the crypt of this church are rather gracile, although in the first case the features of the northern gracile type are clearly expressed, and in the second case the southern component is observed. In the population of Polotsk, we can see much more distinct differences between early and late samples, expressed in the classification of these groups to two different odontological types: the northern gracile and the central European.

scholarly journals The Liberties of the Church and the City of London in Magna Carta

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
A Keith Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The Future ◽  
Magna Carta ◽  
The Individual ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

This article identifies the liberties of the Church and the City of London which were intended to be protected by Magna Carta from 1215. The liberties intended were a recognition of a form of autonomy for the Church and the City and have no connection with the individual freedoms that are identified for protection by modern human rights instruments. The clauses in Magna Carta conferring that autonomy are among the very few that have not been repealed, but they have not been asserted for hundreds of years. While the idea of church autonomy has resonance with the ideas of subsidiarity and sphere-sovereignty developed in Catholic and Calvinist social teaching from the late nineteenth century, recent American jurisprudence suggests that religious autonomy may be the best way to defend religious liberty in the future. This article suggests that, just as English kings were persuaded to provide towns, colonial endeavours and eventually corporate free enterprise with limited autonomy for a fee, so charters conferring limited autonomy on religious communities may provide a philosophical and practical basis from which to defend religious liberty in the future, even if the assertion of individual religious liberty becomes politically incorrect.

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