ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CITY OF ‎NAZNRETH DURING THE OTTOMAN ERA 1517-‎‎1918‎

This study aims to show the urban aspects of the ‎Nazareth during the Ottoman era 1517 – 1918 in the ‎light of the Ottoman documents and the drawings and ‎pictures of European travelers and its role in its ‎transformation from a small village to an urban city and ‎then a district center. And learn about the interest that ‎the city of Nazareth purified from the Ottoman ‎government in this field. And that is through studying ‎the urban monuments in the city, such as: the houses, ‎Islamic and Christian religious places, the Saraiya, the ‎markets, the khans, Mary's well.‎ It began with a discussion of historical geography, and I ‎presented the descriptions of Arab and European ‎travelers to Nazareth, then the study touched on the ‎presentation of the architectural style in the city of ‎Nazareth, the presentation of the survey and ‎reconciliation process for some historical monuments in ‎Nazareth, and finally the conclusion.

أثر القرآن الكريم و أئمة القراءة في حفظ اللغة العربية

أثر القرآن الكريم و أئمة القراءة في حفظ اللغة العربية After the presentation and prefacing of the research topic, I followed talking about the impact of the Koran and the Imams of reading in the maintenance of the Arabic language and its development, and how it acquired the Arabic language the Holy Light and eternal True to the verse( Verily We have revealed the Holy Quran and We promise to keep it )AI Higgr:9. .( Then dealt with based on scientific facts and historical monuments that show their efforts in keeping the Arabic language and its development and prosperity of the building and have even become etymological dictionaries more frequent and good in eloquence. Then 1 pointed out with explanation and examples of how excellence and uniqueness and fluency in language is due to the descent of the Holy Quran and it has the impact of the great excellence of the tongue speakers and conservers of its bases in terms of voice, grammatical, morphological and rhetorical: and how this excellence was reflected on scientist's readings and intonation which created rules of morphological phenomena and this was not preceded by any new voice in the Arabic tongue or any other tongue

Działalność architekta Friedricha Fischera (1879–1944) w Gdańsku i Sopocie

The person of the architect Friedrich Fischer has been somewhat forgotten, even though he played a meaningful role in the beginnings of the existence of the Free City of Gdańsk as its first conservator and the first head of the Ground Construction Office. Before and during WW I Fischer worked privately as an architect, mostly in the Gdańsk and Sopot area, and among chosen projects one located in Wrzeszcz, in Uphagena Street, as well as the architect’s own house at 30 Stefana Żeromskiego Street in Sopot can be named. Fischer was also a scholar who obtained a doctorate in 1910 and prepared a postdoctoral thesis, as well as a lecturer at the Department of Architecture at the Technical University (until April 1925). In 1918, he became involved in building administration, carrying out projects for the Housing Estate Office, of which he was the head. He created designs of the street now known as Hallera Street in Wrzeszcz and plans of green areas on former fortification grounds. He also initiated works on the plan of Great Gdańsk, eventually known as the ‘Althoff plan’. In 1923–1925, he was the head of the Ground Construction Office. From this period his designs of the first version of the school in Pestalozziego Street in Wrzeszcz and the unrealised fair building in Gdańsk are known. He designed the completed housing estates in today’s Zbyszka z Bogdańca and Dubois Streets in Gdańsk - -Wrzeszcz as well as several churches for the Catholic community of the Free City of Gdańsk: St Anthony’s Church in Gdańsk -Brzeźno, the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows in Głęboka Street in Gdańsk - Knipawa, and the Church of Christ the King in the small town of Piekło, in the former Wielkie Żuławy District. Fischer was active as Conservator of Architectural Monuments for four years. During this period the function of Conservator of Historical Monuments was merged with the function of the head of the Ground Construction Office. During his service as conservator the preservation of the historical form of the city became a priority The model of proceedings in the Free City area established by Fischer constituted an important point of reference in the following years. He was also involved in the preparation of the Preservation of Historical Monuments Act proclaimed in 1923. In March 1925, Fischer moved to Hannover, where he became associate professor specialising in medieval architecture. He remained in that city and at its university until his death.

The role of TCI and TCCI indexes in regional tourism planning

Podunavlje region in Serbia comprises 16.6% of the territory and 38.9% of the total population of the country. Due to its attractive natural values, cultural-historical monuments, ethnographic features, etc., Serbian Podunavlje has favorable conditions for the development of excursion, nautical, stationary, event, youth, rural, hunting, transit, and other kinds of tourism. Since the climate as a tourism resource and the factor of tourist migrations in the observed area has not been analyzed yet, the aim of this paper is the tourism valorization of the significance of climate using the two tourism climatic indexes: tourism climate index (TCI) and tourism climate comfort index (TCCI). To achieve it, the climate elements were first analyzed at five meteorological stations in Serbian Podunavlje: Sombor, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Veliko Gradište, and Negotin for the period 1990–2010. Then the periods favorable for tourism activities were determined according to the mentioned indexes at the given stations. The research results show that summer is certainly the most favorable season for tourism activities in the observed area since the maximum TCI values were recorded during summer, and the minimum ones during winter at all the stations. Regarding the TCCI, the most optimal values of this index were recorded in September and May. These results can further serve the tourism organizations in the municipalities in Serbian Podunavlje when considering the construction of the tourism infrastructure, marketing activities, and further affirmation of the resources for the purpose of sustainable development of tourism.

RESTORATION OF BUILDINGS OF OLD PART OF THE SAMARA CITY

For residents of Samara, numerous tourists of the city, old Samara is of direct interest with its merchant way of life, historical monuments testifying to the emergence of a historical sett lement on the banks of the Volga and its development from the emergence of the wooden fortress “Samara town” to the modern million-plus city. The activity of Samara architects-restorers allows tracing this path of development. Carrying out restoration work is a very long and laborious process, including the study of historical documents and archaeological fi nds, research work.

Medieval Central Asian Architecture

Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, Khiva, Shakhrisabz, Kokand, Margilan, Gijduvan, Vobkent, Termez and other historical cities, which played an important role in the development of world civilization and formed over the centuries in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. More than 10,000 architectural and historical monuments and more than 700,000 mobile cultural heritage sites are available.