British willows; some hybrids and some problems

1992 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Salix Fragilis ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Salix Myrsinifolia

SynopsisThe paper deals with three problem areas in the taxonomy of British willows: (1) the widespread occurrence in Perthshire and neighbouring counties of an intermediate between Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. and S. phylicifolia L., apparently of hybrid origin, though growing in an area where typical S. phylicifolia has yet to be found; (2) the complex taxonomy of the British Sallows, where two common aggregate species, Salix cinerea L. and S. caprea L., are each represented by two segregates; a third, S. aurita L., may also comprise more than one segregate; all three species interbreed, as do the segregates within each aggregate; (3) the disputed identity of the Crack Willow, Salix fragilis L., and its nomenclatural implications.

scholarly journals On the taxonomy and host plants of North European species of Eupontania (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae).

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-268
Author(s):  
Veli Vikberg ◽  
Alexej Glebovitsch Zinovjev
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
European Species ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Salix Myrsinifolia

In Europa umfasst Eupontania die vesicator-, viminalis-, aquilonis- und crassipes-Artengruppen. Aus Nordeuropa werden 13 Arten der Eupontania-viminalis-Gruppe aufgeführt. E. brevicornis (Förster, 1854), sp. rev. und comb. n. (= Nematus congruens Förster, 1854, syn. n., Pontania carpentieri Konow, 1907, syn. n., Pontania pedunculi auct., nec Hartig), die Gallen an Salix cinerea L. hervorruft, wird in Finnland nachgewiesen und mit der eng verwandten E. arcticornis (Konow, 1904) verglichen, die Gallen an Salix phylicifolia L. bildet. Die Taxonomie und die Wirtspflanzen von E. pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) (= Nematus bellus Zaddach, 1876; Pontania gallarum auct. nec. Hartig) und E. gallarum (Hartig, 1837) (= N. aestivus Thomson, 1863, syn. n.; Pontania varia Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.; Pontania norvegica Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.) werden kurz diskutiert. E. pedunculi wird als Art betrachtet, die Gallen an verschiedenen Arten der Sektion Vetrix hervorruft, nicht aber an S. cinerea: Salix aurita L., S. caprea L., S. starkeana ssp. starkeana Willd. und ssp. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Hultén (= S. bebbiana Sarg.). Der Status von E. myrtilloidica (Kopelke, 1991), die an S. myrtilloides L. in Finnland nachgewiesen wurde, bleibt unsicher. Die Wirtspflanze von E. gallarum ist Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. einschliesslich der ssp. borealis (Fr.) Hyl. Lectotypen werden festgelegt für Pontania arcticornis, P. phylicifoliae Forsius, 1920, P. viminalis var. hepatimaculae Malaise, 1920, Nematus brevicornis, P. samolad Malaise, 1920 (Wirtspflanze: S. lapponum L.), und P. pustulator Forsius, 1923. Für Nematus gallarum wird ein Neotypus aus Schweden, Uppland, festgelegt. E. acutifoliae baltica ssp. n. wird beschrieben aus Litauen, Estland, Russland, und Finnland, und E. collactanea rosmarinifoliae ssp. n. aus Finnland und Russland. Für 20 aus Nordeuropa beschriebene Eupontania-Arten werden die Wirtspflanzen aufgelistet, E. pustulator von S. pulchra, zum ersten Mal.StichwörterTenthredinidae, Pontania, Eupontania, sawflies, hostplants, Salix.Nomenklatorische Handlungenarcticornis (Konow, 1904) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania arcticornisbrevicornis (Förster, 1854) (Eupontania), Lectotype; spec. revocata described as Nematus brevicornisgallarum (Hartig, 1837) (Eupontania), Neotype described as Nematus gallarumpustulator (Forsius, 1923) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania pustulatorsamolad (Malaise, 1920) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania samoladbaltica Vikberg & Sinovjev, 2006 (Eupontania acutifoliae), sspec. n.rosmarinifoliae Vikberg & Sinovjev, 2006 (Eupontania collactanea), sspec. n.congruens Förster, 1854 (Nematus), syn. n. of Eupontania brevicornis (Förster, 1854)carpentieri Konow, 1907 (Pontania), syn. n. of Eupontania brevicornis (Förster, 1854)phylicifoliae Forsius, 1920 (Pontania), Lectotype now a syn. of Eupontania arcticornis (Konow, 1904); Lectotype design. by Kopelke (1991) was invalidhepatimaculae Malaise, 1920 (Pontania vinimalis var.), Lectotype now a synonym of Eupontania arcticornis (Konow, 1904)

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Extraterrestrial Ice Analogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
D.F. Blake ◽  
LJ. Allamandola ◽  
G. Palmer ◽  
A. Pohorille
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interstellar Material ◽  
Astrophysical Ices ◽  
Interstellar Molecular Clouds

The natural history of the biogenic elements H, C, N, O, P and S in the cosmos is of great interest because it is these elements which comprise all life. Material ejected from stars (or pre-existing in the interstellar medium) is thought to condense into diffuse bodies of gravitationally bound gas and dust called cold interstellar molecular clouds. Current theories predict that within these clouds, at temperatures of 10-100° K, gases (primarily H2O, but including CO, CO2, CH3OH, NH3, and others) condense onto submicron silicate grains to form icy grain mantles. This interstellar ice represents the earliest and most primitive association of the biogenic elements. Within these multicomponent icy mantles, pre-biotic organic compounds are formed during exposure to UV radiation. It is thought that icy planetesimals (such as comets) within our solar system contain some pristine interstellar material, including ices, and may have (during the early bombardment of the solar system, ∼4 Ga) carried this material to Earth.Despite the widespread occurrence of astrophysical ices and their importance to pre-biotic organic evolution, few experimental data exist which address the relevant phase equilibria and possible structural states. A knowledge of the petrology of astrophysical ice analogs will allow scientists to more confidently interpret astronomical IR observations. Furthermore, the development and refinement of procedures for analyzing ices and other materials at cryogenic temperatures is critical to the study of materials returned from the proposed Rosetta comet nucleus and Mars sample return missions.

Sphegigaster hexomyzaeVikberg, 1983, (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) new to the British Isles with notes on the parasitoids of gall-forming Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the genus Hexomyza

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Barry P. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
Salix Cinerea

Sphegigaster hexomyzae Vikberg (Pteromalidae) is added to the British list from material reared from galls of Hexomyza simplicoides Hendel (Agromyzidae) on Salix cinerea in Yorkshire. Literature records of parasitoids from gall-forming Hexomyza are reviewed.

scholarly journals Rapid Organocatalytic Chirality Analysis of Amines, Amino Acids, Alcohols, Amino Alcohols and Diols with Achiral Iso(thio)cyanate Probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryn Nelson ◽  
Jeffrey S. S. K. Formen ◽  
Christian Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Amino Alcohols ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Absolute

The widespread occurrence and significance of chiral compounds does not only require new methods for their enantioselective synthesis but also efficient tools that allow rapid determination of the absolute configuration,...

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