scholarly journals Embedded surfaces in four-manifolds, branched covers, and SO(3)-invariants

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kotschick ◽  
G. Matić
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Curves ◽  
Homology Class ◽  
Algebraic Surfaces ◽  
Branched Covers ◽  
Minimal Genus ◽  
Adjunction Formula ◽  
Embedded Surfaces ◽  
Four Manifolds ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Simply Connected

One of the outstanding problems in four-dimensional topology is to find the minimal genus of an oriented smoothly embedded surface representing a given homology class in a smooth four-manifold. For an arbitrary homology class in an arbitrary smooth manifold not even a conjectural lower bound is known. However, for the classes represented by smooth algebraic curves in (simply connected) algebraic surfaces, it is possible that the genus of the algebraic curve, given by the adjunction formulais the minimal genus. This is usually called the (generalized) Thom conjecture. It is mentioned in Kirby's problem list [11] as Problem 4·36.

THE MINIMAL GENUS PROBLEM IN RULED MANIFOLDS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
XU-AN ZHAO ◽  
HONGZHU GAO
Keyword(s):  
Cohomology Class ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Geometric Construction ◽  
Diffeomorphism Group ◽  
Minimal Genus ◽  
Adjunction Formula ◽  
Embedded Surfaces

In this paper, we consider the minimal genus problem in a ruled 4-manifold M. There are three key ingredients in the studying, the action of diffeomorphism group of M on H2(M,Z), the geometric construction of surfaces representing a cohomology class and the generalized adjunction formula. At first, we discuss the standard form (see Definition 1.1) of a class under the action of diffeomorphism group on H2(M,Z), we prove the uniqueness of the standard form. Then we construct some embedded surfaces representing the standard forms of some positive classes, the generalized adjunction formula is used to show that these surfaces realize the minimal genera.

scholarly journals Some results on stable p-harmonic maps

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leung-Fu Cheung ◽  
Pui-Fai Leung
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Harmonic Maps ◽  
Harmonic Map ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
Complete Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Simply Connected

For each p ∈ [2, ∞)a p-harmonic map f:Mm→Nn is a critical point of the p-energy functionalwhere Mm is a compact and Nn a complete Riemannian manifold of dimensions m and n respectively. In a recent paper [3], Takeuchi has proved that for a certain class of simply-connected δ-pinched Nn and certain type of hypersurface Nn in ℝn+1, the only stable p-harmonic maps for any compact Mm are the constant maps. Our purpose in this note is to establish the following theorem which complements Takeuchi's results.

scholarly journals On the essential spectrum of Banach-space operators

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Eschmeier
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Essential Spectrum ◽  
Negative Index ◽  
Resolvent Set ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Nuclear Spaces ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Banach Space Operators

AbstractLet T and S be quasisimilar operators on a Banach space X. A well-known result of Herrero shows that each component of the essential spectrum of T meets the essential spectrum of S. Herrero used that, for an n-multicyclic operator, the components of the essential resolvent set with maximal negative index are simply connected. We give new and conceptually simpler proofs for both of Herrero's results based on the observation that on the essential resolvent set of T the section spaces of the sheavesare complete nuclear spaces that are topologically dual to each other. Other concrete applications of this result are given.

Suspension of the Lusternik-Schnirelmann Category

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1132
Author(s):  
William J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Homotopy Type ◽  
Homotopy Class ◽  
Category Structure ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Homotopy Classes ◽  
Cw Complexes ◽  
Lusternik Schnirelmann ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Homotopy Invariants

Let cat be the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category structure as defined by Whitehead [6] and let be the category structure as defined by Ganea [2],We prove thatandIt is known that w ∑ cat X = conil X for connected X. Dually, if X is simply connected,1. We work in the category of based topological spaces with the based homotopy type of CW-complexes and based homotopy classes of maps. We do not distinguish between a map and its homotopy class. Constant maps are denoted by 0 and identity maps by 1.We recall some notions from Peterson's theory of structures [5; 1] which unify the definitions of the numerical homotopy invariants akin to the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category.

scholarly journals A version of Runge's theorem for the Helmholtz equation with applications to scattering theory

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Ochs
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Helmholtz Equation ◽  
Connected Domain ◽  
Scattering Theory ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Differentiable Functions ◽  
Simply Connected Domain ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Simply Connected

Let D be a bounded, simply connected domain in the plane R2 that is starlike with respect to the origin and has C2, α boundary, ∂D, described by the equation in polar coordinateswhere C2, α denotes the space of twice Hölder continuously differentiable functions of index α. In this paper, it is shown that any solution of the Helmholtz equationin D can be approximated in the space by an entire Herglotz wave functionwith kernel g ∈ L2[0,2π] having support in an interval [0, η] with η chosen arbitrarily in 0 > η < 2π.

scholarly journals Arithmeticity of the monodromy of some Kodaira fibrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-157
Author(s):  
Nick Salter ◽  
Bena Tshishiku
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Class Group ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Monodromy Group ◽  
Algebraic Curves ◽  
Algebraic Surfaces ◽  
Mapping Class ◽  
Complex Varieties

A question of Griffiths–Schmid asks when the monodromy group of an algebraic family of complex varieties is arithmetic. We resolve this in the affirmative for a class of algebraic surfaces known as Atiyah–Kodaira manifolds, which have base and fibers equal to complete algebraic curves. Our methods are topological in nature and involve an analysis of the ‘geometric’ monodromy, valued in the mapping class group of the fiber.

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