3. On the Distribution of Temperature in the Antarctic Ocean

1888 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
J. Y. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
General Result ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ice Pack ◽  
Overlying Strata

AbstractIn the regions of the Antarctic Ocean where icebergs are numerous, and where in winter the sea-water freezes, the distribution of temperature in the deeper layers of water is peculiar. The facts are detailed in the Challenger Narrative (vol. i.). The general result of her observations went to show that, from the edge of the ice-pack, a wedge of cold water stretches northwards for more than 12° of latitude, underlying and overlying strata at a higher temperature than itself (p. 418).

Recovery of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Anisakidae) larvae from codfish of the Antarctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Y Chai ◽  
S M Guk ◽  
J J Sung ◽  
H C Kim ◽  
Y M Park
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Salinity effects on cultured Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from high latitudes: new paleoenvironmental insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bertlich ◽  
Nikolaus Gussone ◽  
Jasper Berndt ◽  
Heinrich F. Arlinghaus ◽  
Gerhard S. Dieckmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

AbstractThis study presents culture experiments of the cold water species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and provides new insights into the incorporation of elements in foraminiferal calcite of common and newly established proxies for paleoenvironmental applications (shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Na/Ca). Specimens were collected from sea ice during the austral winter in the Antarctic Weddell Sea and subsequently cultured at different salinities and a constant temperature. Incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein showed new chamber formation in the culture at salinities of 30, 31, and 69. Cultured foraminifers at salinities of 46 to 83 only revealed chamber wall thickening, indicated by the fluorescence of the whole shell. Signs of reproduction and the associated gametogenic calcite were not observed in any of the culture experiments. Trace element analyses were performed using an electron microprobe, which revealed increased shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca values at higher salinities, with Mg/Ca showing the lowest sensitivity to salinity changes. This study enhances the knowledge about unusually high element concentrations in foraminifera shells from high latitudes. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma appears to be able to calcify in the Antarctic sea ice within brine channels, which have low temperatures and exceptionally high salinities due to ongoing sea ice formation.

THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN

2014 ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Georg Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
The Antarctic

Observations on moulting in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
P Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Dunaliella Tertiolecta ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba

Live E. superba were transported from Antarctic waters to a tropical laboratory where observations at the temperature of -0.5�C (0 to - 1.0�C), were made of intermoult period of specimens fed a mixture of microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) or artificial pet fish food or starved. Mean intermoult period was 26.4-27.1 days for fed specimens and 29.6 days for starved specimens, with no relation to the size of specimens. The moult accounted for a loss of 2.63-4.35% of animal dry weight, which is equivalent to 1.1-1.8% of animal nitrogen or 1.4-2.3% of animal carbon. The contribution of moults to detritus in the Antarctic Ocean was estimated as 0.11 g C m-2 per year.

Comment on “The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary transition in the Antarctic Ocean and its global implications”, by G. Keller

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Huber ◽  
Chengjie Liu ◽  
Richard K. Olsson ◽  
William A. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Warm temperatures, cool sponges: the effect of increased temperatures on the Antarctic sponge Isodictya sp.

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo González-Aravena ◽  
Nathan J. Kenny ◽  
Magdalena Osorio ◽  
Alejandro Font ◽  
Ana Riesgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sres Scenarios ◽  
Ipcc Sres ◽  
The Antarctic

Although the cellular and molecular responses to exposure to relatively high temperatures (acute thermal stress or heat shock) have been studied previously, only sparse empirical evidence of how it affects cold-water species is available. As climate change becomes more pronounced in areas such as the Western Antarctic Peninsula, both long-term and occasional acute temperature rises will impact species found there, and it has become crucial to understand the capacity of these species to respond to such thermal stress. Here, we use the Antarctic sponge Isodictya sp. to investigate how sessile organisms (particularly Porifera) can adjust to acute short-term heat stress, by exposing this species to 3 and 5 °C for 4 h, corresponding to predicted temperatures under high-end 2080 IPCC-SRES scenarios. Assembling a de novo reference transcriptome (90,188 contigs, >93.7% metazoan BUSCO genes) we have begun to discern the molecular response employed by Isodictya to adjust to heat exposure. Our initial analyses suggest that TGF-β, ubiquitin and hedgehog cascades are involved, alongside other genes. However, the degree and type of response changed little from 3 to 5 °C in the time frame examined, suggesting that even moderate rises in temperature could cause stress at the limits of this organism’s capacity. Given the importance of sponges to Antarctic ecosystems, our findings are vital for discerning the consequences of short-term increases in Antarctic ocean temperature on these and other species.

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