Neuropsychological performance of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Diagnostic classification estimates for measures of frontal lobe/executive functioning

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. LOVEJOY ◽  
J.D. BALL ◽  
MATTHEW KEATS ◽  
MICHAEL L. STUTTS ◽  
EDWARD H. SPAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Summary Index ◽  
Normal Controls

ADHD adults (N = 26) were compared to normal controls (N = 26) on 6 neuropsychological measures believed sensitive to frontal lobe–executive functioning. MANOVA analyses and subsequent univariate tests indicated that most of the neuropsychological measures discriminated between the two groups. To address clinical significance, diagnostic classification rates were also generated for each measure individually, and for the battery as a whole. Levels of positive predictive power (PPP) for each of the 6 measures (83–100%) indicated that abnormal scores on these tests were good predictors of ADHD. However, estimates of negative predictive power (NPP) suggested that normal scores poorly predicted the absence of ADHD. When classification rates were calculated for the overall battery classification accuracy improved substantially. Thus, neuropsychological tests can differentiate adults suffering from ADHD from adults without ADHD, while also providing good classification accuracy. Finally, the pattern of neurobehavioral impairments exemplified through the Summary Index scores was interpreted as consistent with conceptualizations of ADHD depicting mild neurologic dysfunction in networks associated with the frontal lobes. (JINS, 1999, 5, 222–233.)

scholarly journals Math Skills and Executive Functioning in Preschool: Clinical and Ecological Evaluation // Competencias matemáticas y funcionamiento ejecutivo en preescolar: Evaluación clínica y ecológica

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Jesús Presentación ◽  
Rebeca Siegenthaler ◽  
Vicente Pinto ◽  
Jessica Mercader ◽  
Ana Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study compares the relationship between executive functioning, analyzed with clinical and ecological tests, and math skills in preschoolers. The children (255 children 5 to 6 years old) were evaluated using neuropsychological tests of inhibition, and working memory and the TEDI-MATH to estimate basic mathematical skills. The ecological evaluation of the executive functioning by the parents and teachers was carried out with the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Compared to the ecological ratings, the neuropsychological measures show more correlations with math skills and a greater predictive capacity. The teachers’ BRIEF results were superior to those of the parents. In all cases, working memory is the process that shows the greatest predictive power.</p>

Increased variability accompanies frontal lobe damage in dementia

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN MURTHA ◽  
ROXANNA CISMARU ◽  
RANDALL WAECHTER ◽  
HOWARD CHERTKOW
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage ◽  
Specific Attribute ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dementia ◽  
Variable Performance ◽  
Normal Controls

Performance variability on neuropsychological measures is not a unitary phenomenon, and different measures (consistency, dispersion, diversity) evaluate separate elements of variability. It has been suggested that increased variability may be a specific attribute of frontal lobe pathology. This hypothesis was tested in 2 matched groups of demented subjects, 8 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 5 with frontal lobe dementia (FLD), compared with 10 elderly normal controls (ENC). A Stroop test and Reaction Time measures were administered weekly for 5 weeks to all subjects. Both measures contained three subtests varying in degree of complexity. The results from the Stroop task indicated that the FLD group showed significantly greater variability on measures of consistency (fluctuations over time) and diversity (between participant variability) regardless of the complexity of the subtest. For the Reaction Time subtests, measures of consistency and diversity showed significantly greater variability in FLD, but were affected in a different pattern. Greater variability in terms of consistency of performance was manifested only in the more attentionally demanding of the Reaction Time subtests (Choice Reaction Time, CRT). On the measure of diversity, variable performance was found to be greater on the Simple Reaction Time (SRT) subtest than on the more effortful CRT. Dispersion (within participant variability) was only assessed on the reaction time subtests. The results indicate no significant evidence for an increase in dispersion for the FLD patients. The hypothesis that variability will be increased in frontal lobe dementia is thus confirmed, and the independence of the three forms of variability measurement is demonstrated in dementia subjects. (JINS, 2002, 8, 360–372.)

The Predictive Power of Combined Neuropsychological Measures for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Marie Perugini ◽  
Elizabeth A. Harvey ◽  
David W. Lovejoy ◽  
Kristen Sandstrom ◽  
Anne H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals A-09 The Relationship Between Subjective Cognitive Complaints, Depression, and Executive Functioning in mTBI Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-782
Author(s):  
T Scott ◽  
J Spellman ◽  
N Walker ◽  
J Rivera ◽  
D Waltzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Objective Among individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), those with depression report greater subjective cognitive complaints than those without depression. In mTBI patients with general cognitive complaints, depression may account for poor performance on objective neuropsychological measures. This study seeks to expand this research by examining depression, subjective executive functioning (EF) complaints, and objective EF performance in Veterans with mTBI. Method Fifty-seven Veterans with deployment-related mTBI (12% female; age M = 42.0, SD = 13.6; years education M = 15.0, SD = 1.8) with (n = 29) or without (n = 28) a chart diagnosis of depression. Participants were administered the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) and objective neuropsychological measures of working memory (i.e., Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Working Memory Index) and aspects of EF (i.e., Trail Making Test B and Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS) subtests). Results Principal component analysis identified similar domains of EF to the BRIEF, including: task monitoring (Trail Making Test B, D-KEFS Letter Fluency, and D-KEFS Tower Test, eigenvalue = 1.93) and shifting (D-KEFS: Color-Word Interference Conditions 3 and 4, and Category Switching, eigenvalue = 1.24). Individuals with depression had greater subjective EF complaints in each BRIEF domain than non-depressed individuals (p’s ≤ .01). However, subjective complaints in these domains were not related to objective performance (r’s = −0.17,-0.19, p’s &gt; .05). Moreover, depressed and non-depressed individuals performed similarly on all EF measures (p’s &gt; .05). Conclusions mTBI Veterans with depression report more subjective EF complaints than those without depression. The lack of association between subjective complaints and objective EF performance suggests it is important to treat depression in mTBI patients to remedy perceived cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Robust diagnostic classification via Q-learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ardulov ◽  
Victor R. Martinez ◽  
Krishna Somandepalli ◽  
Shuting Zheng ◽  
Emma Salzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Decision Function ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Learning Frameworks

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models have demonstrated the power of utilizing clinical instruments to provide tools for domain experts in gaining additional insights toward complex clinical diagnoses. In this context these tools desire two additional properties: interpretability, being able to audit and understand the decision function, and robustness, being able to assign the correct label in spite of missing or noisy inputs. This work formulates diagnostic classification as a decision-making process and utilizes Q-learning to build classifiers that meet the aforementioned desired criteria. As an exemplary task, we simulate the process of differentiating Autism Spectrum Disorder from Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in verbal school aged children. This application highlights how reinforcement learning frameworks can be utilized to train more robust classifiers by jointly learning to maximize diagnostic accuracy while minimizing the amount of information required.

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