Genetic variability of populations and similarity of subpopulations in Austrian cattle breeds determined by analysis of pedigrees

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sölkner ◽  
L. Filipcic ◽  
N. Hampshire
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Cosine Measure ◽  
Gene Origin ◽  
Measure Of Similarity

AbstractParameters based on probabilities of gene origin were used to evaluate the genetic variability of four Austrian cattle breeds. Effective numbers of founders, ancestors and remaining founder genomes showed that all four populations investigated are rather small genetically. Effective numbers of remaining founder genomes were 94 for Simmental, 41 for Braunvieh (Brown Swiss), 32 for Pinzgauer and 21 for Grauvieh (Grey cattle, a small mountain breed). As the value of 94 for Simmental was rather large in comparison with estimates from other populations in previous studies, the effect of population structure was investigated. A cosine measure of similarity based on differences in individual founder contributions to different subpopulations was defined and used for analysis. Subpopulations defined by regions were clearly more distinct for Simmental than for Braunvieh. The size of the cosine values depended on the method of calculating founder contributions and was overestimated when choosing the method not accounting for drift and bottlenecks (effective number of founders).

scholarly journals Genetic improvement and population structure of the Nelore breed in Northern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado ◽  
Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro ◽  
Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado ◽  
Raimundo Martins Filho ◽  
Riccardo Bozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Nelore Cattle

The objective of this work was to evaluate the population structure and the genetic and phenotypic progress of Nelore cattle in Northern Brazil. Pedigree information concerning animals born between 1942 and 2006 were analyzed. Population structure was performed using the Endog program. Out of the 140,628 animals studied, 67.7, 14.52 and 3.18% had complete pedigree record of the first, second and third parental generation, respectively. Inbreeding and average relatedness coefficients were low: 0.2 and 0.13%, respectively. However, these parameters may have been underestimated, since information on pedigree was incomplete. The effective number of founders was 370 and the genetic contribution of 10, 50 and 448 most influent ancestors explained 13.2, 28 and 50% of the genetic variability in the population, respectively. The genetic variability for growth traits and population structure demonstrates high probability of increasing productivity through selective breeding. Moreover, management strategies to reduce the currently observed age at first calving and generation intervals are important for Nelore cattle genetic improvement.

Genetic variability of three Italian cattle breeds determined by parameters based on probabilities of gene origin

2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Perez Torrecillas ◽  
R. Bozzi ◽  
R. Negrini ◽  
F. Filippini ◽  
A. Giorgetti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Gene Origin

scholarly journals Population structure of Brazilian Gyr dairy cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2640-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cruz Reis Filho ◽  
Paulo Sávio Lopes ◽  
Rui da Silva Verneque ◽  
Robledo de Almeida Torres ◽  
Roberto Luiz Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic structure of Gyr cattle selected for milk production. Files of pedigree and production were composed of 27,610 animals. The ENDOG program was used for the calculation of individual inbreeding coefficient (F) and coefficient of average relatedness (AR), effective number of animals(Ne), effective number of founders (f e) and ancestors (f a), and generation interval (GI). Individual inbreeding coefficients and average relatedness in the population were 2.82% and 2.10%, respectively. It was observed a reduction in the effective number of animals, especially after publication of the results of the first progeny test. The estimated effective number of founders was 146 and 75 for the ancestrals. Out of those, only 28 ancestors accounted for the origin of 50% of the population genes. The average generation interval was 8.41 years and it was longer for males than for females. For maintaining genetic variability in future generations, it should be invested mating strategies that reduce inbreeding and which do not use massively only some high breeding value sires.

Analysis of population structure and genetic variability in Iranian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using pedigree information

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Genome Equivalent ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

The objective of this study was to use pedigree analysis to evaluate the population structure, genetic variability and inbreeding in Iranian buffaloes. The analysis was based on the pedigree information of 42 285 buffaloes born from 549 sires and 6376 dams within 1697 herds. Pedigree information used in this study was collected during 1976 to 2012 by the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran. The CFC program was applied to calculate pedigree statistics and genetic structure analysis of the Iranian buffaloes. Also, the INBUPGF90 program was used for calculating regular inbreeding coefficients for individuals in the pedigree. The analysis of pedigree indicated that inbreeding coefficient ranged from 0% to 31% with an average of 3.42% and the trend of inbreeding was significantly positive over the years (P < 0.0001). Average coancestry was increased in recent years and overall generation interval was 6.62 years in Iranian buffaloes. Founder genome equivalent, founder equivalent, effective number of founders and effective number of non-founders were increased from 1976 to 2002, but their values decreased from 2002 onwards. A designed mating system to avoid inbreeding may be applied to this population of buffalo to maintain genetic diversity.

Genetic variability and population structure in a collection of inbred lines derived from a core germplasm of castor

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Senthilvel ◽  
Mobeen Shaik ◽  
K. Anjani ◽  
Ranjan K. Shaw ◽  
Poornima Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Core Germplasm

Detection of A1 and A2 Alleles at Beta-casein Locus in Bargur and Umblachery (Indian Zebu) Cattle Breeds by Allele-specific PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raja ◽  
R. Rajendran ◽  
P. Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Background: Many genetic variants of beta-casein in different breeds of cattle have been reported. The A1 and A2 are the most common variants. The breeds of Zebu cattle have high frequency of A2 allele or monomorphic for A2 allele. The current study aimed to screen Indian Zebu cattle breeds, Bargur and Umblachery, for A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus.Methods: A total of 48 Bargur and 42 Umblachery cattle were genotyped for β-casein (CSN2) gene using allele-specific PCR. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated. The theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA) and level of possible variability realization (V%) were calculated.Result: The investigation revealed the presence of both A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus in both Bargur and Umblachery cattle breeds. The A1A1 genotype was not observed in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.125 and 0.875 respectively in Bargur and 0.050 and 0.950 respectively in Umblachery breed. The study indicated the predominance of A2 variant in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles were 0.063 and 0.937 respectively in Bargur and 0.02 and 0.98 respectively in Umblachery breed. The values of experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%) were 0.125, 0.1163, 0.1095,0.8837, 1.131 and 11.88 respectively in Bargur breed. These values were 0.048, 0.0468, 0.0458, 0.9532, 1.049 and 4.79 respectively in Umblachery population. The observed heterozygosity and PIC values revealed the existence of very low genetic variability in the tested populations. The present work will be a contribution to the study on beta-casein locus in Indian zebu cattle.

163 Population structure and genetic diversity of Russian native cattle breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 80-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Dotsev ◽  
A. A. Sermyagin ◽  
E. A. Gladyr' ◽  
T. Deniskova ◽  
K. Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Native Cattle

scholarly journals Legacy of draught cattle breeds of South India: Insights into population structure, genetic admixture and maternal origin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0246497
Author(s):  
Vandana Manomohan ◽  
Ramasamy Saravanan ◽  
Rudolf Pichler ◽  
Nagarajan Murali ◽  
Karuppusamy Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
South India ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian Cattle

The present study is the first comprehensive report on diversity, population structure, genetic admixture and mitochondrial DNA variation in South Indian draught type zebu cattle. The diversity of South Indian cattle was moderately high. A significantly strong negative correlation coefficient of -0.674 (P<0.05) was observed between the effective population size of different breeds and their estimated FIS. The genetic structure analysis revealed the distinctness of Kangayam, Vechur and Punganur cattle from the rest of the zebu breeds. The results showed the influence of Hallikar breed in the development of most Mysore type cattle breeds of South India with the exception of Kangayam. Bayesian clustering analysis was performed to assess the taurine admixture in South Indian zebu cattle using purebred Jersey and Holstein-Friesian as reference genotypes. Relatively high levels of taurine admixture (>6.25%) was observed in Punganur, Vechur, Umblachery and Pulikulam cattle breeds. Two major maternal haplogroups, I1 and I2, typical of zebu cattle were observed, with the former being predominant than the later. The pairwise differences among the I2 haplotypes of South Indian cattle were relatively higher than West Indian (Indus valley site) zebu cattle. The results indicated the need for additional sampling and comprehensive analysis of mtDNA control region variations to unravel the probable location of origin and domestication of I2 zebu lineage. The present study also revealed major concerns on South Indian zebu cattle (i) risk of endangerment due to small effective population size and high rate of inbreeding (ii) lack of sufficient purebred zebu bulls for breeding and (iii) increasing level of taurine admixture in zebu cattle. Availability of purebred semen for artificial insemination, incorporation of genomic/molecular information to identify purebred animals and increased awareness among farmers will help to maintain breed purity, conserve and improve these important draught cattle germplasms of South India.

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