Pretreatment of Petroleum Coke To Enhance the Reactivity of Catalytic Gasification in Fluidized Beds

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 8115-8120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renjie Zou ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
Guangqian Luo ◽  
Zehua Li ◽  
Ruize Sun ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachita Rana ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aimee Maclennan ◽  
Yongfeng Hu ◽  
Janusz A. Kozinski ◽  
...  

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 120469
Author(s):  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Hao Song ◽  
Chuang Zhao ◽  
Junhao Hu ◽  
Siqin Li ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Chun-Lin Zhang ◽  
De-Chang Liu ◽  
Han-Ping Chen

Because of high heating value, low volatile, high nitrogen content and high sulfur content, some kinds of petroleum coke are only suitable for use as fuel, especially combusted in fluidized beds. Based on experiments in a 1t/h fluidized bed, we found that lots of NO and N2O were emitted, and they reached to 780ppm and 150ppm respectively. By analyzing the contributions of char-N and volatile-N to the formation of NO and N2O, we also found it was more important to control the combustion of char to reduce the emission of NO and N2O. This paper tried to find a denitrification agent that could work as desulfuration agent in fluidized beds. We chose Fe as the denitrification agent. The influence of iron on the reduction of NO was studied on. The effects of petroleum-coke char, CO and limestone on the reaction of iron and NO were investigated in a bench scale fluidized bed. Quantitative Fe and petroleum coke char were added into a quartz sand bed respectively, the conversions of NO between these conditions were compared with. The results showed that the ability of Fe to reduce NO was much stronger than the char, and the conversion of NO almost reached to 100%. After minutes that depended on the amount of Fe, Fe was oxidized to oxide of Fe, and the conversion of NO decreased. Petroleum coke char could deoxidize the oxide of Fe. Fe that mixed with petroleum coke char could apparently increase the reaction time of Fe and NO. CO was also a reductive agent of the oxide of Fe, but the effect was not strong as char. Limestone little increased the conversion of NO. From the experiments, we suggested that iron or its oxides would be a possible denitrification agent to reduce NO in fluidized beds in situ.


Author(s):  
R. T. K. Baker ◽  
R. D. Sherwood

The catalytic gasification of carbon at high temperature by microscopic size metal particles is of fundamental importance to removal of coke deposits and conversion of refractory hydrocarbons into fuels and chemicals. The reaction of metal/carbon/gas systems can be observed by controlled atmosphere electron microscopy (CAEM) in an 100 KV conventional transmission microscope. In the JEOL gas reaction stage model AGl (Fig. 1) the specimen is positioned over a hole, 200μm diameter, in a platinum heater strip, and is interposed between two apertures, 75μm diameter. The control gas flows across the specimen and exits through these apertures into the specimen chamber. The gas is further confined by two apertures, one in the condenser and one in the objective lens pole pieces, and removed by an auxiliary vacuum pump. The reaction zone is <1 mm thick and is maintained at gas pressure up to 400 Torr and temperature up to 1300<C as measured by a Pt-Pt/Rh 13% thermocouple. Reaction events are observed and recorded on videotape by using a Philips phosphor-television camera located below a hole in the center of the viewing screen. The overall resolution is greater than 2.5 nm.


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