Customizable Sophisticated Three-Dimensional Shape Changes of Large-Size Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ni ◽  
Gaoyu Liu ◽  
Mengxue Zhang ◽  
Michael Tatoulian ◽  
Patrick Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomer ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Shape Changes

Computer Graphics and Shape Diagnostics

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Shape Changes

The availability of stereophotometrically recorded human body data will permit us to better characterize three-dimensional shape, and to develop statistical techniques to take advantage of these mathematical characterizations. We have used whole-body data sets to simulate surface shape changes during body movements, and to provide surface contours for the design of anthropomorphic crash test manikins. Higher density face data are currently being used for surface contour comparisons, landmark spatial distribution analyses, and subregion delineations.

Four Dimensions of Diamond T: Combination Trade Marks of Colours And Shapes

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Michael McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Trade Mark Law ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

This article examines the relatively new fields of colour and shape trade marks. It was initially feared by some academics that the new marks would encroach on the realms of patent and copyright.  However, the traditional requirements of trade mark law, such as functionality and descriptiveness, have meant that trade marks in colour and shape are extremely hard to acquire if they do not have factual distinctiveness. As colour and shape trade marks have no special restrictions, it is proposed that the combination trade mark theory and analysis from the Diamond T case should be used as a way to make them more accessible. The combination analysis can be easily applied because every product has a three dimensional shape and a fourth dimension of colour.

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