Remoteness from Emission Sources Explains the Fractionation Pattern of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Northern Hemisphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (16) ◽  
pp. 6183-6188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald von Waldow ◽  
Matthew MacLeod ◽  
Kevin Jones ◽  
Martin Scheringer ◽  
Konrad Hungerbühler
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Fractionation Pattern

scholarly journals Budget calculations for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Northern Hemisphere — a single-box approach

Tellus B ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-259
Author(s):  
Johan Axelman ◽  
Dag Broman
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Northern Hemisphere

scholarly journals Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paromita Chakraborty ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Sabine Eckhardt ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Knut Breivik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Indian Cities

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of surface and column carbon monoxide over the megacity Paris, high-altitude Jungfraujoch and Southern Hemispheric Wollongong stations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 10911-10925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Té ◽  
Pascal Jeseck ◽  
Bruno Franco ◽  
Emmanuel Mahieu ◽  
Nicholas Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. This paper studies the seasonal variation of surface and column CO at three different sites (Paris, Jungfraujoch and Wollongong), with an emphasis on establishing a link between the CO vertical distribution and the nature of CO emission sources. We find the first evidence of a time lag between surface and free tropospheric CO seasonal variations in the Northern Hemisphere. The CO seasonal variability obtained from the total columns and free tropospheric partial columns shows a maximum around March–April and a minimum around September–October in the Northern Hemisphere (Paris and Jungfraujoch). In the Southern Hemisphere (Wollongong) this seasonal variability is shifted by about 6 months. Satellite observations by the IASI–MetOp (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) instruments confirm this seasonality. Ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) measurements provide useful complementary information due to good sensitivity in the boundary layer. In situ surface measurements of CO volume mixing ratios at the Paris and Jungfraujoch sites reveal a time lag of the near-surface seasonal variability of about 2 months with respect to the total column variability at the same sites. The chemical transport model GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model) is employed to interpret our observations. GEOS-Chem sensitivity runs identify the emission sources influencing the seasonal variation of CO. At both Paris and Jungfraujoch, the surface seasonality is mainly driven by anthropogenic emissions, while the total column seasonality is also controlled by air masses transported from distant sources. At Wollongong, where the CO seasonality is mainly affected by biomass burning, no time shift is observed between surface measurements and total column data.

scholarly journals Contamination Status and Emission Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Settled Dust from End-of-life Vehicle Processing and Urban Areas, Northern Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Quoc Anh ◽  
Shin Takahashi ◽  
Tu Binh Minh ◽  
Tran Manh Tri
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Equipment Application

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including 43 congeners of 10 homologs were determined in settled dust samples collected from urban houses and end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing workshops in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total 43 PCBs (ΣPCBs), 7 indicator PCBs (IN-PCBs), and 12 dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) in the ELV workshop dusts were significantly higher than those measured in the urban house dusts, suggesting ELV processing activities as potential sources of PCBs. However, concentrations of PCB-11 (3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl) in the urban house dusts (mean 4.5; range 1.2–8.7 ng/g) were markedly higher than levels found in the ELV workshop dusts (1.6; 0.46–5.4 ng/g). PCB-11 is a novel congener because it is only a trace component of technical PCB mixtures but identified as a major impurity of many organic pigments, especially diarylide yellow pigments. PCB patterns of the ELV workshop dusts were dominated by penta- and hexa-PCBs with major congeners as PCB-118, -138, -153, -110, and -101, which were also principal components of technical formulations such as Aroclor 1254, Kanechlor 500, and Sovol. Meanwhile, PCB-11 served as the most predominant congener detected in the urban house dusts, implying current emissions from paints and pigmented products; however, this point should be confirmed by further studies on the occurrence of PCBs in Vietnamese commercial products. Apart from PCB-11, the urban house dusts also contained elevated proportions of penta- and hexa-PCBs, suggesting residues from electrical equipment application in the past. Our results indicate that even though PCBs are legacy and banned chemicals, their presence has been observed in indoor environments due to their persistent nature and novel emission sources. Further studies on the occurrence and emission behavior of these pollutants should be conducted, including not only congeners in technical mixtures but also unintentionally produced compounds.

Measuring and simulating atmospheric concentration trends of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Northern Hemisphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (35) ◽  
pp. 6502-6512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Hung ◽  
Sum Chi Lee ◽  
Frank Wania ◽  
Pierrette Blanchard ◽  
Ken Brice
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration

Unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls in pigments: An updated review on their formation, emission sources, contamination status, and toxic effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 142504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Quoc Anh ◽  
Isao Watanabe ◽  
Tu Binh Minh ◽  
Shin Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Emission Sources

Budget calculations for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Northern Hemisphere ? a single?box approach

Tellus B ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN AXELMAN ◽  
DAG BROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Northern Hemisphere

Angular size of OH emission regions

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
B. F. Burke ◽  
P. P. Crowther ◽  
J. M. Moran ◽  
A. E. E. Rogers ◽  
J. A. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Ngc 6334

Interferometry gives effective diameters less than 20″ for the OH emission sources in W3and Sgr B2. The sources in W49and NGC 6334 contain two or more components, some of which are smaller than 25″.

Alpha-Effect, Current and Kinetic Helicities for Magnetically Driven Turbulence, and Solar Dynamo

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Gaetano Belvedere ◽  
V. V. Pipin ◽  
G. Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Convection Zone ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Momentum Transport ◽  
Angular Momentum Transport ◽  
Magnetic Buoyancy ◽  
Alpha Effect ◽  
Current Helicity

Extended AbstractRecent numerical simulations lead to the result that turbulence is much more magnetically driven than believed. In particular the role ofmagnetic buoyancyappears quite important for the generation ofα-effect and angular momentum transport (Brandenburg & Schmitt 1998). We present results obtained for a turbulence field driven by a (given) Lorentz force in a non-stratified but rotating convection zone. The main result confirms the numerical findings of Brandenburg & Schmitt that in the northern hemisphere theα-effect and the kinetic helicityℋkin= 〈u′ · rotu′〉 are positive (and negative in the northern hemisphere), this being just opposite to what occurs for the current helicityℋcurr= 〈j′ ·B′〉, which is negative in the northern hemisphere (and positive in the southern hemisphere). There has been an increasing number of papers presenting observations of current helicity at the solar surface, all showing that it isnegativein the northern hemisphere and positive in the southern hemisphere (see Rüdigeret al. 2000, also for a review).

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