The development of a reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system for garlic (Allium sativum L.) and the production of transgenic garlic resistant to beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner)

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Jun Zheng ◽  
Betty Henken ◽  
Yul Kyun Ahn ◽  
Frans A. Krens ◽  
Chris Kik
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Transformation

scholarly journals Caterpillar salivary enzymes: "eliciting" a response

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Merkx-Jacques ◽  
Jacqueline C. Bede
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Induced Defense Responses ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

Abstract Plants exhibit remarkable plasticity in their ability to differentiate between herbivorous insect species and subtly adjust their defense responses to target distinct pests. One key mechanism used by plants to recognize herbivorous caterpillars is elicitors present in their oral secretions; however, these elicitors not only cause the induction of plant defenses but recent evidence suggests that they may also suppress plant responses. The absence of “expected changes” in induced defense responses of insect-infested plants has been attributed to hydrogen peroxide produced by caterpillar salivary glucose oxidase (GOX). Activity of this enzyme is variable among caterpillar species; it was detected in two generalist caterpillars, the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) and the bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata), but not in other generalist or specialist caterpillar species tested. In the beet armyworm, GOX activity fluctuated over larval development with high activity associated with the salivary glands of fourth instars. Larval salivary GOX activity of the beet armyworm and the bertha armyworm was observed to be significantly higher in caterpillars reared on artificial diet as compared with those reared on Medicago truncatula plants. This implies that a factor in the diet is involved in the regulation of caterpillar salivary enzyme activity. Therefore, plant diet may be regulating caterpillar oral elicitors that are involved in the regulation of plant defense responses: our goal is to understand these two processes.

scholarly journals Synthesis and biological activities of two camptothecin derivatives against Spodoptera exigua

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulai Yang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yanning Zhang ◽  
Liangang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Compound A ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT), a natural alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata Decne, is found to show potential insecticidal activities with unique action mechanisms by targeting at DNA-topoisomease I (Top1) complex and inducing cell apoptosis. To improve the efficacy against insect pests, two camptothecin (CPT) derivatives were synthesized through introducing two functional groups, 2-nitroaminoimidazoline and 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane by esterification reaction. The insecticidal activities of these two derivatives were evaluated at contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitory activities comparing with CPT and hydroxyl-camptothecin (HCPT). Results showed that compound a, synthesized by introducing 2-nitroaminoimidazoline to CPT, apparently increased contact toxicity to the third larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and cytotoxicity to IOZCAS-Spex-II cells isolated from S. exigua. However, the inhibition on DNA relaxation activity of Top1 was reduced to less than 5 percentage even at high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). For introducing 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane to HCPT, the contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and Top1 inhibitory activity of synthesized compound b were increased significantly compared to CPT and HCPT. These results suggested that both synthesized compounds possessed high efficacy against S. exigua by targeting at Top1 (compound b) or novel mechanism of action (compound a).

scholarly journals Isolation and functional identification of three cuticle protein genes during metamorphosis of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad jan ◽  
Sisi Liu ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Xiangmei Zhang ◽  
Farman Ullah Dawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Cuticle Protein
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