Evidence for Altered Neural Processing in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Vera Flasbeck ◽  
Georg Juckel ◽  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Self Identity

Abstract. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation, self-identity disturbances, self-injurious behavior, and reduced inhibitory control. Event-related potential (ERP) studies have sought to reveal the neural correlates of cognitive distortions and behavioral alterations in BPD. The article presents an overview of the existing ERP literature pertaining to BPD and discusses whether any one of the electrophysiological findings could serve as a reliable and specific marker for BPD. In short, ERP studies investigating P300 tentatively suggest impaired inhibitory control. Moreover, reduced error- and feedback-related processing and impaired response inhibition seem to be associated with impulsivity and risk-taking behavior in BPD patients. However, these findings are not specific for BPD. Regarding emotional and self-referential information processing, individuals with BPD display heightened vigilance toward social threat impacting their cognitive performance in various social-cognitive tasks demonstrating alterations of early negative and late positive potentials. These multifaceted electrophysiological alterations may be attributed to dysfunctional activity and connectivity of frontal brain regions and the limbic system.

scholarly journals Identifying Core Deficits in a Dimensional Model of Borderline Personality Disorder Features: A Network Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Core Deficits

Researchers have proposed three core deficits of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems, and self-identity disturbance. Previous methods for testing these deficits rest on problematic assumptions (e.g., the assumption that observable/measured features of BPD, such as chaotic relationships and affective intensity, occur independently). A network model of psychopathology assumes that observable features of disorders directly interact, and network analytic methods quantify how central each feature is. We conducted a network analysis of core deficits of BPD features using a large ( N = 4,386) sample of participants with a range of BPD features. The most central features of participants in the High BPD group were loneliness, recklessness/impulsivity, and intense moods, supporting models of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. The networks of BPD features did not differ between men and women. We provide directions for future research to enhance our understanding of how networks of BPD features change over time.

Distinct pattern of P3a event-related potential in borderline personality disorder

Neuroreport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Meares ◽  
Dmitriy Melkonian ◽  
Evian Gordon ◽  
Leanne Williams
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Event Related Potential

Cognitive distortions in anorexia nervosa and borderline personality disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Andrea del Pozo ◽  
Susanne Harbeck ◽  
Sabine Zahn ◽  
Sören Kliem ◽  
Christoph Kröger
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Borderline Personality

scholarly journals Hedonic and disgust taste perception in borderline personality disorder and depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Arrondo ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Emma Hill ◽  
Bence Szalma ◽  
Krishna Yathiraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Depression Group

SummaryDepression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are both thought to be accompanied by alterations in the subjective experience of environmental rewards. We evaluated responses in women to sweet, bitter and neutral tastes (juice, quinine and water): 29 with depression, 17 with BPD and 27 healthy controls. The BPD group gave lower pleasantness and higher disgust ratings for quinine and juice compared with the control group; the depression group did not differ significantly from the control group. Juice disgust ratings were related to self-disgust in BPD, suggesting close links between abnormal sensory processing and self-identity in BPD.

Identifying core deficits in a dimensional model of Borderline Personality Disorder features: A network analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Core Deficits

Researchers have proposed three core deficits of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems, and self-identity disturbance. Previous methods for testing these deficits rest on problematic assumptions (e.g., the assumption that observable/measured features of BPD, such as chaotic relationships and affective intensity, occur independently). A network model of psychopathology assumes that observable features of disorders directly interact, and network analytic methods quantify how central each feature is. We conducted a network analysis of core deficits of BPD features using a large (n = 4386) sample of participants with a range of BPD features. The most central features of participants in the High BPD group were loneliness, recklessness/impulsivity, and intense moods, supporting models of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. The networks of BPD features did not differ between men and women. We provide directions for future research to enhance our understanding of how networks of BPD features change over time.

Structural alterations in white-matter tracts connecting (para-)limbic and prefrontal brain regions in borderline personality disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3171-3180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lischke ◽  
M. Domin ◽  
H. J. Freyberger ◽  
H. J. Grabe ◽  
R. Mentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Structural Alterations

BackgroundA dysfunctional network of prefrontal and (para-)limbic brain region has been suggested to underlie emotional dysregulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Abnormal activity in this network may be due to structural alterations in white-matter tracts connecting prefrontal and (para-)limbic brain regions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the structural integrity of major white-matter tracts connecting these regions in BPD.MethodUsing diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated fractional anisotropy (FA), axonal anisotropy (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the uncinate fasciculus, the major white-matter tract connecting (para-)limbic and prefrontal brain regions, in 26 healthy controls (HC) and 26 BPD participants. To clarify the specificity of possible white-matter alterations among HC and BPD participants, FA, AD and RD were also investigated in the cingulum.ResultsWe found distinct structural alterations in the uncinate fasciculus but not in the cingulum of BPD participants. Compared to HC participants, BPD participants showed lower FA and higher RD in the uncinate fasciculus. By contrast, AD did not differ in the uncinate fasciculus of HC and BPD participants.ConclusionsOur finding of abnormal FA and RD in the uncinate fasciculus indicates distinct white-matter alterations in BPD, presumably due to stress-induced myelin degeneration in the aftermath of stressful life events. Although these alterations may account for abnormal activity in brain regions implicated in emotion dysregulation, such as the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex, it remains to be determined whether these alterations are specific for BPD.

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