scholarly journals Interannual Variation of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water in the Dotson‐Getz Trough, West Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae‐Wan Kim ◽  
Hee Won Yang ◽  
Pierre Dutrieux ◽  
Anna K. Wåhlin ◽  
Adrian Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water

scholarly journals Warm Circumpolar Deep Water at the Western Getz Ice Shelf Front, Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 870-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Assmann ◽  
E. Darelius ◽  
A. K. Wåhlin ◽  
T. W. Kim ◽  
S. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water

Upper ocean salinity variabilities in the Southern Ocean responding to the recent surface salting in perspective of climate changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Du ◽  
Xubin Ni
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Ocean Salinity ◽  
The Antarctic

<p>Water cycle have prevailed on upper ocean salinity acting as the climate change fingerprint in the numerous observation and simulation works. Water mass in the Southern Ocean accounted for the increasing importance associated with the heat and salt exchanges between Subantarctic basins and tropical oceans. The circumpolar deep water (CDW), the most extensive water mass in the Southern Ocean, plays an indispensable role in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. In our study, the observed CTDs and reanalysis datasets are examined to figure out the recent salinity changes in the three basins around the Antarctica. Significant surface salinity anomalies occurred in the South Indian/Pacific sectors south of 60ºS since 2008, which are connected with the enhanced CDW incursion onto the Antarctic continental shelf. Saltier shelf water was found to expand northward from the Antarctica coast. Meanwhile, the freshening of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water(UCDW), salting and submergence of Subantarctic Mode Water(SAMW) were also clearly observed. The modified vertical salinity structures contributed to the deepen mixed layer and enhanced intermediate stratification between SAMW and UCDW. Their transport of salinity flux attributed to the upper ocean processes responding to the recent atmospheric circulation anomalies, such as the Antarctic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole. The phenomena of SAMW and UCDW salinity anomalies illustrated the contemporaneous changes of the subtropical and polar oceans, which reflected the meridional circulation fluctuation. Salinity changes in upper southern ocean (< 2000m) revealed the influence of global water cycle changes, from the Antarctic to the tropical ocean, by delivering anomalies from high- and middle-latitudes to low-latitudes oceans.</p>

scholarly journals Circulation of modified Circumpolar Deep Water and basal melt beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 3098-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herraiz-Borreguero ◽  
Richard Coleman ◽  
Ian Allison ◽  
Stephen R. Rintoul ◽  
Mike Craven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water ◽  
Amery Ice Shelf

scholarly journals Eddy-Resolving Model Estimate of the Cabbeling Effect on the Water Mass Transformation in the Southern Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shogo Urakawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Hasumi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water ◽  
Water Mass Transformation

Abstract Cabbeling effect on the water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean is investigated with the use of an eddy-resolving Southern Ocean model. A significant amount of water is densified by cabbeling: water mass transformation rates are about 4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) for transformation from surface/thermocline water to Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), about 7 Sv for transformation from SAMW to Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and about 5 Sv for transformation from AAIW to Upper Circumpolar Deep Water. These diapycnal volume transports occur around the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), where mesoscale eddies are active. The water mass transformation by cabbeling in this study is also characterized by a large amount of densification of Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) into Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (about 9 Sv). Large diapycnal velocity is found not only along the ACC but also along the coast of Antarctica at the boundary between LCDW and AABW. It is found that about 3 Sv of LCDW is densified into AABW by cabbeling on the continental slopes of Antarctica in this study. This densification is not small compared with observational and numerical estimates on the AABW formation rate, which ranges from 10 to 20 Sv.

scholarly journals Glacial Meltwater Identification in the Amundsen Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Biddle ◽  
Karen J. Heywood ◽  
Jan Kaiser ◽  
Adrian Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Glacial Meltwater ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Multiparameter Analysis

AbstractPine Island Ice Shelf, in the Amundsen Sea, is losing mass because of warm ocean waters melting the ice from below. Tracing meltwater pathways from ice shelves is important for identifying the regions most affected by the increased input of this water type. Here, optimum multiparameter analysis is used to deduce glacial meltwater fractions from water mass characteristics (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations), collected during a ship-based campaign in the eastern Amundsen Sea in February–March 2014. Using a one-dimensional ocean model, processes such as variability in the characteristics of the source water masses on shelf and biological productivity/respiration are shown to affect the calculated apparent meltwater fractions. These processes can result in a false meltwater signature, creating misleading apparent glacial meltwater pathways. An alternative glacial meltwater calculation is suggested, using a pseudo–Circumpolar Deep Water endpoint and using an artificial increase in uncertainty of the dissolved oxygen measurements. The pseudo–Circumpolar Deep Water characteristics are affected by the under ice shelf bathymetry. The glacial meltwater fractions reveal a pathway for 2014 meltwater leading to the west of Pine Island Ice Shelf, along the coastline.

scholarly journals The Role of Southern Ocean Surface Forcings and Mixing in the Global Conveyor

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1377-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Iudicone ◽  
Gurvan Madec ◽  
Bruno Blanke ◽  
Sabrina Speich
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic Deep Water ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Circumpolar Deep Water ◽  
Subantarctic Mode Water

Abstract Despite the renewed interest in the Southern Ocean, there are yet many unknowns because of the scarcity of measurements and the complexity of the thermohaline circulation. Hence the authors present here the analysis of the thermohaline circulation of the Southern Ocean of a steady-state simulation of a coupled ice–ocean model. The study aims to clarify the roles of surface fluxes and internal mixing, with focus on the mechanisms of the upper branch of the overturning. A quantitative dynamical analysis of the water-mass transformation has been performed using a new method. Surface fluxes, including the effect of the penetrative solar radiation, produce almost 40 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of Subantarctic Mode Water while about 5 Sv of the densest water masses (γ > 28.2) are formed by brine rejection on the shelves of Antarctica and in the Weddell Sea. Mixing transforms one-half of the Subantarctic Mode Water into intermediate water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water while bottom water is produced by Lower Circumpolar Deep Water and North Atlantic Deep Water mixing with shelf water. The upwelling of part of the North Atlantic Deep Water inflow is due to internal processes, mainly downward propagation of the surface freshwater excess via vertical mixing at the base of the mixed layer. A complementary Lagrangian analysis of the thermohaline circulation will be presented in a companion paper.

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