Galileo infrared imaging spectrometry measurements at the Moon

1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (E3) ◽  
pp. 5587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. McCord ◽  
Larry A. Soderblom ◽  
Robert W. Carlson ◽  
Fraser P. Fanale ◽  
Rosaly Lopes-Gautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Imaging Spectrometry

Infrared imaging spectrometry by the use of bundled chalcogenide glass fibers and a PtSi CCD camera

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunori Saito ◽  
Katsuhiro Kikuchi ◽  
Chinari Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Sone ◽  
Shozo Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glass ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Imaging Spectrometry

scholarly journals Thermal removal from near-infrared imaging spectroscopy data of the Moon

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger N. Clark ◽  
Carlé M. Pieters ◽  
Robert O. Green ◽  
J. W. Boardman ◽  
Noah E. Petro
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Data ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging

scholarly journals Effect of Lunar Complex Illumination on In Situ Measurements Obtained Using Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer of Chang’E-4

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Jiafei Xu ◽  
Meizhu Wang ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Honglei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer

In-situ measurements of the spectral information on the lunar surface are of significance to study the geological evolution of the Moon. China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) Yutu-2 rover has conducted several in-situ spectral explorations on the Moon. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) onboard the rover has acquired a series of in-situ spectra of the regolith at the landing site. In general, the mineralogical research of the lunar surface relies on the accuracy of the in-situ data. However, the spectral measurements of the Yutu-2 rover may be affected by shadows and stray illumination. In this study, we analyzed 106 CE-4 VNIS spectra acquired in the first 24 lunar days of the mission and noted that six of these spectra were affected by the shadows of the rover. Therefore, a method was established to correct the effects of the rover shadow on the spectral measurements. After shadow correction, the FeO content in the affected area is corrected to 14.46 wt.%, which was similar to the result calculated in the normal regolith. Furthermore, according to the visible images, certain areas of the explored sites were noted to be unusually bright. Considering the reflectance, geometric information, and shining patterns of the multi-layer insulation (MLI), we examined the influence of the specular reflection of the MLI on the bright spot regionsd , and found that the five sets of data were likely not affected by the specular reflection of the MLI. The results indicated that the complex illumination considerably influences the in situ spectral data. This study can provide a basis to analyze the VNIS scientific data and help enhance the accuracy of interpretation of the composition at CE-4 landing sites.

Dualband infrared imaging spectrometer: observations of the moon

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. LeVan ◽  
Brian P. Beecken ◽  
Cory Lindh
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON YUTU-2 ROVER BASED ON VISION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
T. Yu ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
Z. Rong ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Vision Measurement ◽  
Communication Condition ◽  
Shortwave Infrared

Abstract. The Chang'e-4 successfully landed on the far side of the moon in January 2019. By the 12th lunar day, its Yutu-2 rover had achieved a breakthrough travel distance of greater than 300 m. A visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS), consisting of a visible and near-infrared (VNIR) imaging spectrometer and a shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer was used for detecting mineralogical compositions of lunar-surface materials. Because VNIS is fixed on the front of the rover, and the field-of-view (FOV) of VNIR and SWIR are small (8.5° and 3.6° respectively), approaching and accurately pointing at the specific science target depend completely on the precise control of the moving rover.In this paper, a successful method of VNIS target detection based on vision measurement is proposed. First, the accurate position of the target is calculated via navigation camera imaging. Then, the moving path is planned by considering the terrain environment, illumination, communication condition, and other constraints. After the rover moves to the designed position, the binocular imaging of the hazard-avoidance cameras are activated, the detection direction and forward distance are calculated according to the images, and the FOV trajectory of the VINS is predicted while moving. Finally, by choosing the required moving control parameters, the imaging field of the VINS accurately cover the detected targets visually.These methods have been verified many times, and the results show that they are effective and feasible. The research results based on the VNIS data have successfully revealed the material composition on the far side of the moon and have deepened human understanding of its formation and evolution.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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