Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information

This study examines seasonal variations in Indoor Air Quality in occupied spaces within student hostels of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, and the associated physical health effects reported by occupants. Indoor Air Quality data were obtained from 22 selected rooms, with at least two rooms selected from the nine different spatial design layouts identified in the hostel buildings. Indoor Air Quality parameters obtained were 15-minute interval data of relative humidity, as well as concentrations of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and particulate matters. These were measured with data loggers placed at 1.0 m from the floor level in the centre of selected rooms. Measurements were taken in selected rooms through a period of four consecutive weeks each during the peaks of dry and wet seasons. A questionnaire, which was administered immediately at the end of the measurement period to 696 respondents, was used to capture the significant physical health symptoms as reported by the occupants, as well as information regarding their activities and use of the rooms. Significant health symptoms reported by occupants were the same across seasons. These were cold, fatigue, and headache. Indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide and particulate matters have most significant relationship with reported health symptoms.

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The relationship between indoor environment, outdoor environment, and behavior on indoor air quality and health

10.31219/osf.io/y7z4x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SDAG Lab

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

The United States ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

Surface Dust ◽

Air Purifier ◽

The Impact

We should be concerned about the impact of indoor air quality on health because in the United States, people spend most of their time indoors. While earlier studies have characterized the odds of developing illness based on the home environment, they have not investigated the behaviors that can ameliorate the negative effect of indoor, outdoor, and behavioral sources. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate the contributions of indoor, outdoor, and behavioral sources of pollutants on health symptoms, and 2) to identify the behaviors that can worsen or mitigate the number of health symptoms. Data came from two surveys (n=83,284) and include questions on home conditions, outdoor conditions, occupants’ behaviors, and health symptoms. I used negative binomial regression and identified that demographics and outdoor characteristics explain 2% of the variability in health symptoms, and maintenance behaviors explain 8% of the variability in health symptoms. Next, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the behaviors that can mitigate or worsen the number of health symptoms. The results show that maintenance issue such as mold result in significantly more health symptoms (β = .12, p <.001). and factors such as leaks, and frequent long shower may result in an increase in mold. Leaks may cause water stains (β = .39, p <.001) which could lead to molds (β = .47, p <.001). While frequent long shower can result in an increase in mold (β = .05, p <.001), the use of a bathroom exhaust during shower may help to reduce molds (β = -.04, p <.001). In terms of personal behaviors, the presence of carpet (β = .08, p <.001), and smoking also result in an increase in surface dust (β = .17`, p <.001) but frequent vacuuming could mitigate the impact of surface dust on health symptoms (β = -.12, p <.001). Home occupants who live near environmental hazards are also likely to use air purifier (β = .03, p <.001); however, air purifier is associated with more health symptoms (β = .05, p <.001). Based on the findings, it is recommended that home occupants engage in periodic maintenance to prevent issues such as leaks from escalating to molds, regular vacuuming to reduce the accumulation of surface dust. Regarding air purifier, it could be that participants who experienced more health symptoms were more likely to use an air purifier. However, some air purifiers are sources of ozone, therefore home occupants should err on the side of caution when it comes to air purifier (Britigan et al., 2006; Cestonaro et al., 2017).

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