Prenatal androgens and gender-typed behavior: A study of girls with mild and severe forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Servin ◽  
Anna Nordenström ◽  
Agne Larsson ◽  
Gunilla Bohlin
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Prenatal Androgens ◽  
And Gender

Gender Dysphoria and Gender Change in Chromosomal Females with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne B. Dessens ◽  
Froukje M. E. Slijper ◽  
Stenvert L. S. Drop
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Change

scholarly journals Gender-role behaviour and gender identity in girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumudu Nimali Seneviratne ◽  
Umesh Jayarajah ◽  
Shamaali Gunawardana ◽  
Malik Samarasinghe ◽  
Shamya de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to excess fetal adrenal androgens in-utero, and often born with masculinised genitalia. They are conventionally reared as females, but show more “boyish” gender-role behaviour (GRB) and gender-identity (GI) issues in childhood and adolescence. Male-rearing is also reported mainly due to delayed treatment and/or socio-cultural factors. We compared GRB/GI in girls with CAH with healthy age matched children, and explored for associations with socio-demographic and diagnosis/treatment related factors. Methods GRB and GI were assessed using the Gender Identity Questionnaire for children (GIQC) in 27 girls with classical CAH at a specialised clinic, and compared with 50 age-matched healthy controls, with exploratory-analysis based on socio-demographic and diagnosis/treatment-related factors. Results Girls with CAH had lower total GIQC scores compared to healthy children (3.29 vs. 4.04, p = < 0.001) with lower GRB score (3.39 vs. 4.23, p < 0.001), and tendency for lower GI score (3.19 vs. 3.5, p = 0.08). Exploratory analysis showed no differences based on diagnosis/treatment factors including age, degree of virilisation at diagnosis and surgical procedures. and only subtle changes based on ethnicity and maternal education. Discussion/conclusion Girls with CAH managed at a specialised centre showed more masculinised GRB and tendency for ambiguous GI, which did not vary upon diagnosis/treatment related factors, suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure was the likely contributor. Clinicians should be vigilant about the increased risk of gender-related problems in girls with CAH, irrespective of sociocultural background and despite early treatment.

scholarly journals Linking Prenatal Androgens to Gender-Related Attitudes, Identity, and Activities: Evidence From Girls With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce J. Endendijk ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz ◽  
Susan M. McHale ◽  
Kristina Bryk ◽  
Sheri A. Berenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Prenatal Androgens

Ethnic and gender differences in rates of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Western Australia over a 21 year period

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinutha B Shetty ◽  
Carol Bower ◽  
Timothy W Jones ◽  
Barry D Lewis ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
And Gender
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