Relation of racial identity attitudes to self-actualization and affective states of Black students.

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Parham ◽  
Janet E. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Racial Identity Attitudes ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Identity Attitudes

Differentiation of Self and Racial Identity Attitudes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George V. Gushue ◽  
Lauren D. Fisher ◽  
Brenda X. Mejia ◽  
Min Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Racial Identity Attitudes ◽  
Identity Attitudes

Measuring 5-year-old Mexican-heritage children's ethnic-racial identity attitudes, centrality, and knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 101290
Author(s):  
Chelsea Derlan Williams ◽  
Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor ◽  
Kimberly A. Updegraff ◽  
Laudan B. Jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Mexican Heritage ◽  
Racial Identity Attitudes ◽  
Identity Attitudes

Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Parham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Black Person ◽  
Racial Identity Attitudes ◽  
Identity Attitudes ◽  
Life Cycle Process

This article is an attempt to expand the descriptive characteristics of the Cross model by discussing a theory of psychological Nigrescence that hypothesizes the changes in racial identity that a Black person can experience at various points in the life-cycle process. In this discussion, I will attempt to describe how various stages of racial identity are manifest at three periods of life: late adolescence/early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. I will conclude with a discussion of the implications for counseling Blacks who display varying degrees of racial identity attitudes.

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