Time course of inhibition in color-response and word-response versions of the Stroop task.

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Sugg ◽  
James E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Color Response

Examining the Time Course of Prime Effects on Stroop Processing

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Koch ◽  
James M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Word Stimulus ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Color Response ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Over Time

This study was conducted to assess the effect of priming on the Stroop task over time. Color-congruent, color-incongruent, and neutral stimuli were randomly presented. Five prime conditions were also used. The prime conditions included valid color, invalid color, valid word, and invalid word primes and no prime. Primes were presented to 8 subjects at varying stimulus onset asynchronies ranging from −200 msec., i.e., 200 msec. before the color-word stimulus, to 200 msec., i.e., 200 msec. after the color-word stimulus. Analysis suggested the facilitory or inhibitory effects of semantic information on the Stroop task are reduced when the prime follows the color-word stimulus by 200 msec. This implies 200 msec. are needed to make the proper color response. A model is proposed to account for the findings. Methodological considerations for studies using priming and the Stroop task are also discussed.

Neural time course of conflict adaptation effects on the Stroop task

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Larson ◽  
David A.S. Kaufman ◽  
William M. Perlstein
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects

The Time Course of Activity within the Dorsal and Rostral-Ventral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Emotional Stroop Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Shahnaz Feroz ◽  
Gregor Leicht ◽  
Saskia Steinmann ◽  
Christina Andreou ◽  
Christoph Mulert
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

The Effects of Aging on Controlled Attention and Conflict Processing in the Stroop Task

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Task Context ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Conflict Processing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Controlled Attention ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Recent computational modeling and behavioral work indicate that age-related declines in the ability to represent task context may contribute to disruptions of working memory and selective attention in older adults. However, it is unclear whether age-related declines in context processing arise from a disruption of the encoding or maintenance of task context and how age-related declines in context processing interact with mechanisms supporting conflict detection and resolution processes contributing to efficient selection of task-relevant information. This study examines the effects of aging on the neural correlates of context and conflict processing in the Stroop task using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Age-related differences in the time course of modulations of the ERPs associated with encoding (P3) and maintaining (slow wave) task context were observed. There were also age-related differences in the N450, conflict SP, and ERN associated with conflict processing that interacted with task context. These data indicate that aging is associated with declines in the efficiency of those neural mechanisms supporting both context and conflict processing, and that the effects of aging are not pervasive but rather interact with task context.

scholarly journals Comparing Alternative Computational Models of the Stroop Task Using Effective Connectivity Analysis of fMRI Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Ketola ◽  
Linxing Preston Jiang ◽  
Andrea Stocco
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Model Predictions

AbstractMethodological advances have made it possible to generate fMRI predictions for cognitive architectures, such as ACT-R, thus expanding the range of model predictions and making it possible to distinguish between alternative models that produce otherwise identical behavioral patterns. However, for tasks associated with relatively brief response times, fMRI predictions are often not sufficient to compare alternative models. In this paper, we outline a method based on effective connectivity, which significantly augments the amount of information that can be extracted from fMRI data to distinguish between models. We show the application of this method in the case of two competing ACT-R models of the Stroop task. Although the models make, predictably, identical behavioral and BOLD time-course predictions, patterns of functional connectivity favor one model over the other. Finally, we show that the same data suggests directions in which both models should be revised.

Ultrastructural Changes of the Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Alga Isolated from Hydra Viridis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
K.W. Lee ◽  
R.H. Meints ◽  
D. Kuczmarski ◽  
J.L. Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Green Hydra ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydra Viridis

The physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the symbiotic relationship between the Chlorella-like algae and the hydra have been intensively investigated. Reciprocal cross-transfer of the Chlorellalike algae between different strains of green hydra provide a system for the study of cell recognition. However, our attempts to culture the algae free of the host hydra of the Florida strain, Hydra viridis, have been consistently unsuccessful. We were, therefore, prompted to examine the isolated algae at the ultrastructural level on a time course.

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