Testing Patterns of Binary Choices

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thom G. G. Bezembinder
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 102509
Author(s):  
Arianna Dal Forno ◽  
Giorgio Gronchi ◽  
Ugo Merlone
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Jamieson M Bourque ◽  
Alexander Schepart ◽  
Rahul Bhambri ◽  
Adam Castaño ◽  
Alex O’Brien ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 5049-5060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kainan S Wang ◽  
Mauricio R Delgado

AbstractThe ability to perceive and exercise control over an outcome is both desirable and beneficial to our well-being. It has been shown that animals and humans alike exhibit behavioral bias towards seeking control and that such bias recruits the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum. Yet, this bias remains to be quantitatively captured and studied neurally. Here, we employed a behavioral task to measure the preference for control and characterize its neural underpinnings. Participants made a series of binary choices between having control and no-control over a game for monetary reward. The mere presence of the control option evoked activity in the ventral striatum. Importantly, we manipulated the expected value (EV) of each choice pair to extract the pairing where participants were equally likely to choose either option. The difference in EV between the options at this point of equivalence was inferred as the subjective value of control. Strikingly, perceiving control inflated the reward value of the associated option by 30% and this value inflation was tracked by the vmPFC. Altogether, these results capture the subjective value of perceived control inherent in decision making and highlight the role of corticostriatal circuitry in the perception of control.


2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruma Falk ◽  
Patricia Yudilevich-Assouline ◽  
Adily Elstein
Keyword(s):  

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Halder ◽  
M. Rea ◽  
R. Andreoni ◽  
F. Nijboer ◽  
E.M. Hammer ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Ari M. Vanderwalde ◽  
Esprit Ma ◽  
Elaine Yu ◽  
Tania Szado ◽  
Richard Price ◽  
...  

287 Background: Recent approvals of targeted treatments (tx) have improved personalized care in aNSCLC. Biomarker testing is crucial for patients (pts) to receive optimal tx expeditiously. This study examined aNSCLC biomarker testing and tx patterns at OneOnc. Methods: Pts diagnosed with aNSCLC (stage ≥ IIIb) from 1/1/2015 to 5/31/2020, aged ≥ 18 years, and with ≥ 1 visit ≤ 90 days of advanced (Adv) diagnosis (Dx) were retrospectively evaluated using the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record derived de-identified database from selected OneOnc sites. Descriptive analyses were conducted to evaluate testing patterns for ALK, BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, PD-L1, and ROS-1 biomarkers and actionable mutation tx pattern. Results: Overall 3,860 aNSCLC pts were included, median age was 69 years, 47% females, 66% non-squamous, 29% squamous, 4% histology NOS, and 23% with ECOG performance status 0-1. Of the 3,152 (82%) pts tested for any biomarker, 64% received next-generation sequencing (NGS) vs. 36% received other biomarker tests only. Testing rates varied by biomarker: EGFR (74%), ALK (72%), ROS-1 (66%), PD-L1 (57%), BRAF (56%), KRAS (54%). Pts who received all 6 biomarker tests increased from 12% (2015), 23% (2016), 40% (2017), 41% (2018), 48% (2019) to 56% (2020). Among the tested pts, the median time from Adv Dx to the first test result was 20 days (d) and from specimen collection after Adv Dx to the first test result was 12 d. Pts tested and treated before test result available declined from 28% (2015) to 16% (2020). Of 1,207 pts with actionable mutations, 390 (32%) received tx before the test result: 35% chemotherapy (chemo) only, 28% chemo + cancer immunotherapy (CIT), and 15% CIT only. After the test result, 26% to 81% of pts received no or other tx not specific to actionable mutations [Table]. Conclusions: Findings from this study demonstrated an increase in aNSCLC biomarker testing at OneOnc over time, while 44% pts in 2020 did not receive testing on all 6 biomarkers. Some pts had tx prior to the test result, but this trend appeared to decline. Further studies are warranted to better understand the reasons for pts receiving tx that were not specific to their actionable mutations.[Table: see text]


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Dal Forno ◽  
Ugo Merlone

AIDS Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rosińska ◽  
Ruth Simmons ◽  
Anna Marzec-Bogusławska ◽  
Janusz Janiec ◽  
Kholoud Porter

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