Evaluation of Suppressiveness of chernozem upon the intake of organic fertilizers under the conditions of a model experiment

The problem of maintaining the sanitary function of soils of agroecosystems is one of the main ones, since it determines the danger for reproduction of various types of microorganisms, including human and animal pathogens. Within the study, the authors assessed the number of bacteria (Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli) in samples of chernozem with introduction of organic fertilizers. The dynamics of the number of Salmonella enterica shows that organic matter in soils contributes to a sharp decrease in their number at the initial stages of biological pollution, and in the long term it contributes to total loss. By the 60th day, Salmonella was found only in the control option of the experiment, but continuation of the experiment showed their total loss on the 80th day. Introduction of organic ameliorants into the chernozem samples led to a decrease in the number of E. coli by the 80th day, but their total loss was not noted.

THE INTENSITY OF THE HEAVY METALS BY TOPINAMBUR IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE OIL-POLLUTED AREAS

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberous L.) to absorb heavy metals in an oil-contaminated ecosystem. The research was carried out in a territory of the oil and gas pipeline at the village of Bytkiv of Nadvirna district. Jerusalem artichokes were used for this study and planted on an area of 25 m2. The area of the experimental field in the village of Maidan of Tysmenytsia district (control option № 1). A total of eight treatments of the experiment with different rates of sewage sludge. It is established that the concentration of heavy metals in oil-contaminated soil and Jerusalem artichoke plants increases with increasing the amount of fertilizers in the soil. The maximum content of metals in the tested soils, green mass and Jerusalem artichoke roots was observed mainly in the variant of sewage sludge application at the rate of 40 t/ha and fertilizer N10P14K58.The green mass and roots of Jerusalem artichoke exhibited the highest content of heavy metals absorption the transition coefficients of metals in the system "roots - green mass" increase in the following : Pb → Co → Ni → Cd. The coefficients of biological absorption of metals by Jerusalem artichoke increase in a number of elements: Co → Ni → Ld → Ca. Where as The coefficients of biological accumulation of heavy metals with Jerusalem artichoke increase in a number of elements following series : L → Co → Ni → Ca. It is recommended to use Jerusalem artichoke as a phytoremediator of man-made areas.

Elements of eggplant cultivation technology in protected ground

Цель работы – обоснование элементов технологии выращивания баклажана в пленочных необогреваемых грунтовых теплицах. Исследования по тематике актуальны, поскольку способствуют увеличению площадей возделывания культуры, а также повышению урожайности и товарности продукции, что определяет экономическую эффективность производства. Научные исследования проводили в 2020–2021 годах на территории Учебно-научного производственного центра садоводства и овощеводства имени В. И. Эдельштейна ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева. Опыт по изучению влияния нормирования числа цветков в рудиментарных соцветиях на раннюю и общую урожайность и качество плодов баклажана был заложен при формировании гибридов в три стебля. Опыт двухфакторный: фактор А – нормирование (вариант I – без нормирования (контроль), вариант II – нормирование на один цветок, вариант III – нормирование на два цветка). Фактор В – генотип гибридов (F1 Боровичок, F1Багира, F1 Нежнейший, F1 Патио Трио, F1Пеликан). Опыт закладывали в четырехкратной повторности, площадь учетной делянки – 7,6 м2. Исследования проводили в условиях летне-осеннего оборота в пленочной необогреваемой грунтовой теплице в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками для овощных культур в защищенном грунте. Рассаду выращивали в рассадном отделении многорядной теплицы серии Ришель 9.6 SR. Семена высевали 14–15 марта в кассеты с размером ячейки 5×5×5 см и объемом 125 см3. В качестве субстрата использовали верховой торф. Подкормки проводили комплексным удобрением Yara Kristalon 18.18.18+3 с интервалом в 5 суток: первую подкормку провели через 10 суток после высадки рассады. При выявлении единичных очагов заражения проводили обработку против грибных заболеваний препаратами Ридомил МЦ Голд, ВДГ и Квадрис, КС. По итогам изучения влияния нормирования числа цветков в рудиментарных соцветиях на раннюю и общую урожайность и качество плодов у исследуемых гибридов баклажана выявлено, что в вариантах опыта с нормированием на 1 цветок сформировалось наибольшее количество товарных плодов (87,6%). Выявленная зависимость носила сортоспецифический характер. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the elements of eggplant growing technology in film unheated ground greenhouses. Research on the subject is relevant because it contributes to an increase in the area of cultivation of crops, as well as an increase in yield and marketability of products, which determines the economic efficiency of production. Scientific research was carried out in 2020–2021 on the territory of the V.I. Edelstein Educational and Scientific Production Center for Horticulture and Vegetable Growing of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The experience of studying the effect of rationing the number of flowers in rudimentary inflorescences on the early and overall yield and quality of eggplant fruits was laid during the formation of hybrids in three stems. The experience is two-factor: factor A – rationing (option I – without rationing (control), option II – rationing for one flower, option III – rationing for two flowers). Factor B is the genotype of hybrids (F1Borovichok, F1 Bagira, F1 Nezhneishii, F1Patio Trio, F1 Pelikan). The experiment was laid in fourfold repetition, the area of the accounting plot was 7.6 m2. The studies were carried out in the conditions of summer-autumn turnover in a film unheated ground greenhouse in accordance with generally accepted methods for vegetable crops in protected soil. Seedlings were grown in the seedling compartment of a multi-row greenhouse of the Richel 9.6 SR series. The seeds were sown on March 14–15 in cassettes with a cell size of 5×5×5 cm and a volume of 125 cm3. Riding peat was used as a substrate. Top dressing was carried out with a complex fertilizer Yara Kristalon 18.18.18+3 with an interval of 5 days: the first top dressing was carried out – 10 days after planting seedlings. When single foci of infection were detected, treatment against fungal diseases was carried out with Ridomil MC Gold, VDG and Quadris, CS. Based on the results of studying the effect of rationing the number of flowers in rudimentary inflorescences on the early and overall yield and quality of eggplant fruits in the studied eggplant hybrids, it was revealed that in the variants of the experiment with rationing for 1 flower, the largest number of commercial fruits was formed (87.6%). The revealed dependence was of a variety-specific nature.

Dynamics of an apple tree yield after rejuvenation pruning

The studies were carried out in the apple orchard planted in 1987. The layout of trees was 7x5 m, the stock was vigorous (seedlings of cultivated varieties). In the first experiment, the influence of the crown cut on fruit yield was studied. The object of research was an apple tree of the Sinap Orlovsky variety. The following options were considered: 1. Without reduction in the crown height (control); 2. Cutting the tree height to 5.0-5.5 m; 3. Cutting the tree height to 4.0-4.5 m; 4. Cutting the tree height to 3.0-3.5 m. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2015. In the second experiment, perennial wood was removed and the yield was compared. The object of the study was an apple tree of the Antonovka Ordinary variety. The following options were considered: 1. Sanitary pruning (control); 2. Pruning for 3-4 year old wood; 3. Pruning for 5-6 year old wood; 4. Pruning for 7-8 year old wood. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2016. The experiments were repeated 4 times, each option used 6 trees, the placement of the plots was randomized. In the first experiment, on the sixth year, the highest yield (15.8 t/ha) was observed for the option with a crown cut to 4.0-4.5 m. This option also showed the highest total yield for 6 years (55.1 t/ha). In the second experiment for options with rejuvenation pruning, the total yield over 5 years exceeded the control option by 9.9-36.3%. The highest yield (52.2 t/ha) was obtained for the option with pruning for 5-6 year old wood.

Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of Tagetes

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of Tagetes as a control option. In a pot experiment, Tagetes patula or Tagetes tenuifolia were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from Tagetes treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of Tagetes species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either Tagetes or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from Tagetes plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on Tagetes-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, Tagetes alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil.

Reproduction and cultivation of selected forms of mulberry (Morus L.) in the Central region of Russia

Fruit forms of mulberry are promising for cultivation in the Central Lane. In this regard was studied the method of selected forms’ reproduction using the roots’ growth regulator in the coconut substrate. Water was used as a control option. The highest rooting rate was observed using the preparation “Kornevin”. According to ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was reliably proved the dependence of all parameters of the root system on the stimulator of rhizogenesis. The type of container has a significant effect on the development of the root system during growing. For growing mulberry seedlings with a closed root system, it is recommended to use ordinary plastic containers with a volume of 5 liters. Keywords: PLANT PROPAGATION, MULBERRY, MORUS, AIRPOT, GREEN CUTTINGS, MULBERRY PROPAGATION, SELECTIVE FORMS, CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY

Test Results of the Technology Accelerating the Fructification of Rkatsiteli Vine

The article discusses the results of the work carried out on the scientific – research plot of land of Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University, in particular, the test results of the technologies accelerating the harvest on one of the most widespread vine species in Georgia such as Rkatsiteli. The experiments were carried out in the village Gulgula, Telavi district, in the agro – ecological conditions of the alluvial soils of the Alazani Valley during the years of 2019 – 2020. The experiment was arranged according to the following options: Option I – 2,5 X 1,5 meter scheme (control); Option II – 2,5 X 1,25 meter scheme; Option III – 2,5 X 2 meter scheme; According to the methodology green operations were carried out in each option during the first vegetation year, such as normalizing sprouts and removing suckers and after the completion of the vegetation, i.e. during the initial pruning of a young vine there was carried out the formation of a stem, which provided to speed up harvesting. The obtained results show that the technologies that speed up harvesting are effective and their usage provides good results in the vineyard planted with Rkatsiteli. At the same time, during the experiment it became clear that intensive vine crop, i.e. planting scheme 2,5 X 1,25 m. provides better result in terms of quantitative growth of the crop per unit area in the planted vineyard.

Translation of Brain Activity Patterns of a user into Commands using Electroencephalography (EEG)

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that can translate the brain activity patterns of a user into messages or commands for an interactive application. The brain activity which is processed by the BCI systems is usually measured using Electroencephalography (EEG). The BCI system uses oscillatory Electroencephalography (EEG) signals, recorded using specific mental activity, as input and provides a control option by its output. A brain-computer interface uses electrophysiological signals to control the remote devices. They consist of electrodes applied to the scalp of an individual or worn in an electrode cap. The computer processes the EEG signals and uses it in order to accomplish tasks such as communication and environmental control.

Effects Of Sideration On The Number Of Weeds Used At Different Times

In keeping up and expanding soil fertility by applying siderite (green manure), increasing the yield of cotton by planting and cultivating pisum, pea, rapeseed, and grain as siderite crops from selected plants; amid cultivation, 39-51 tons of green biomass per hectare was collected in summer and 17-22 tons in autumn, and their effect on weed numbers were determined. In this case, in the experimental field, more perennial weeds were found, such as salomalaykum (Cyperus rotundus L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), ajrik (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), and annuals were found in semizoot (Portulaca oleracea L.), white sorghum (Chenopodium album L.), common rosemary (Amaranthus retleflexus L.), ituzum (Solanum nigrum) and others were observed. As a result, the number of yearly and perennial weeds beneath the influence of summer sideration diminished by 2.4-2.6 units compared to the control option before the 1st cultivation between cotton rows, and by 4.6-4.7 units before the final irrigation, or under the influence of autumn sideration. In accordance with the over, a decrease of 2.8-3.1 units was accomplished, and before the final irrigation - to 5.0 units. The most noteworthy reduction in weeds was observed in rapeseed and barley variants utilized as siderates in both experiments.

Effect of Humic Preparation ‟BIO-Don” on the Content Nutrients in the Soil and the Quality of Cherries

The work deals with the study of the influence of humic preparation ‟BIO-Don” on indicators of soil fertility, the enzymatic activity of Сalcic Chernozem (Pachic) at the experimental site, as well as on the productivity and quality of fruit crops, for example, cherries varieties Talisman and Vasilisa in terms of work experience in the open ground in the territory of «Agrofirm “the Red garden”». Treatment of fruit trees was carried out once by drip irrigation in a dosage of 300 l/ha of working solution with a concentration of gp 0.008 g/l for carbon, soil samples were taken before treatment, two weeks and a month after the application of the humic preparation, a site without the use of “BIO-Don” was used as a control option. The treatment of plants with a humic preparation increases the activity of the enzymes catalase, invertase and phosphatase, especially during the period of mass ripening of fruits. Accordingly, at the same time, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium decreases, which is due to the increased removal of these elements by plants. Chemical analysis of fruit products for the content of soluble solids and titrated acidity revealed a statistically significant increase in these indicators in fruits from areas treated with humic preparation, which is manifested by their greater taste saturation.