The Potential Role of the Cytochrome P-450 2D6 Pharmacogenetic Polymorphism in Drug Abuse

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Sellers ◽  
S. Victoria Otton ◽  
Rachel F. Tyndale
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The potential role of the orexin reward system in future treatments for opioid drug abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 1731 ◽  
pp. 146028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Zarrabian ◽  
Esmail Riahi ◽  
Sara Karimi ◽  
Yasaman Razavi ◽  
Abbas Haghparast
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Future Treatments

Prescription drug abuse and methods of diversion: The potential role of a pharmacy network

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El‐Aneed ◽  
R. Alaghehbandan ◽  
N. Gladney ◽  
K. Collins ◽  
D. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Prescription Drug Abuse

scholarly journals Partial purification and characterization of a peroxidase activity from human placenta

1990 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Nelson ◽  
A P Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Human Haemoglobin ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthase ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Peroxidases can metabolize a variety of xenobiotics to reactive intermediates capable of binding to protein or DNA. The potential role of these enzymes in fetotoxicity has not been explored. In this study, the presence of peroxidase activity was observed in human term and pre-term placenta. Human term placental peroxidase activity (HTPP) was partially purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography from CaCl2 extracts of the particulate fraction. HTPP appears to be a membrane-bound glycoprotein. Arachidonic acid-dependent oxidation of guaiacol was not observed, suggesting that the peroxidase activity was not due to prostaglandin synthase. Moreover, HTPP preparations were devoid of catalase and spectrally dissimilar from human haemoglobin, cytochrome P-450, eosinophil peroxidase and myloperoxidase, suggesting an endogenous origin. An Mr of approx. 119,000 was determined for HTPP by gel filtration. Cathodic slab-PAGE of cetyltrialkylammonium bromide-solubilized HTPP yielded two peroxidase-staining bands.

Role of cytochrome P-450 in drug abuse

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 129S
Author(s):  
P. Baumann ◽  
C.B. Eap
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

scholarly journals (Pro)Renin receptor regulates potassium homeostasis through a local mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. F641-F656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanming Xu ◽  
Aihua Lu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Hui Fang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Local Mechanism ◽  
High K ◽  
Calcium Activated Potassium Channel ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Renal Expression

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is highly expressed in the distal nephron, but it has an unclear functional implication. The present study was conducted to explore a potential role of renal PRR during high K+ (HK) loading. In normal Sprague-Dawley rats, a 1-wk HK intake increased renal expression of full-length PRR and urinary excretion of soluble PRR (sPRR). Administration of PRO20, a decoy peptide antagonist of PRR, in K+-loaded animals elevated plasma K+ level and decreased urinary K+ excretion, accompanied with suppressed urinary aldosterone excretion and intrarenal aldosterone levels. HK downregulated Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) expression but upregulated CYP11B2 (cytochrome P-450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2), renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK), calcium-activated potassium channel subunit α1 (α-BK), α-Na+-K+-ATPase (α-NKA), and epithelial Na+ channel subunit β (β-ENaC), all of which were blunted by PRO20. After HK loading was completed, urinary, but not plasma renin, was upregulated, which was blunted by PRO20. The same experiments that were performed using adrenalectomized (ADX) rats yielded similar results. Interestingly, spironolactone treatment in HK-loaded ADX rats attenuated kaliuresis but promoted natriuresis, which was associated with the suppressed responses of β-ENaC, α-NKA, ROMK, and α-BK protein expression. Taken together, we discovered a novel role of renal PRR in regulation of K+ homeostasis through a local mechanism involving intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and coordinated regulation of membrane Na+- and K+-transporting proteins.

Pentobarbital-sensitive EDHF comediates ACh-induced arteriolar dilation in the hamster microcirculation

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. H1527-H1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cor de Wit ◽  
Norbert Esser ◽  
Hans-Anton Lehr ◽  
Steffen-Sebastian Bolz ◽  
Ulrich Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Isolated Arteries ◽  
Conscious Animals ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

It is unclear to what extent the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) contributes to the control of microcirculatory blood flow in vivo. We analyzed, by intravital microscopy in hamster muscles, the potential role of EDHF along the vascular tree under stimulated (ACh) or basal conditions. Experiments were performed in conscious as well as anesthetized (pentobarbital, urethan) animals. Additionally, cellular effects of the potential EDHF were studied in isolated small arteries. In pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, treatment with N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; 30 μmol/l) and indomethacin (3 μmol/l) reduced the dilation in response to 10 μmol/l ACh from 60 ± 6 to 20 ± 4%. This nitric oxide/prostaglandin-independent dilation (NPID), which was of a similar magnitude in large and small arterioles, was abolished by potassium depolarization or charybdotoxin (ChTX, 1 μmol/l) but not by glibenclamide. In conscious animals, NPID amounted to 33 ± 3%. The inhibitor of the P-450 monooxygenase 17-octadecynoic acid (ODYA) reduced NPID further to 9 ± 4%. ChTX abolished the NPID and also reduced basal diameters (by −11 ± 3%). The induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital reduced NPID (to 12 ± 6%), whereas urethan anesthesia was without effect. Pentobarbital also reduced the ACh-induced hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle in isolated arteries, whereas ChTX abolished it. This study suggests that a considerable part of the ACh dilation in the microcirculation is mediated by EDHF, which also contributes to the control of basal tone in conscious animals. The direct inhibitory effect of pentobarbital and ODYA supports the idea that “microcirculatory” EDHF is a product of the cytochrome P-450 pathway. The role of EDHF might be underestimated in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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