The potential role of sigma-1 receptors in lipid transport and lipid raft reconstitution in the brain: Implication for drug abuse

Life Sciences ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 1612-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Hayashi ◽  
Tsung-Ping Su
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Lipid Raft ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Sigma 1 ◽  
The Brain

Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Role of Exosomes in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (42) ◽  
pp. 4510-4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biancamaria Longoni ◽  
Irene Fasciani ◽  
Shivakumar Kolachalam ◽  
Ilaria Pietrantoni ◽  
Francesco Marampon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
The Brain

: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by eukaryotic cells that are also found in most biological fluids and tissues. While they were initially thought to act as compartments for removal of cellular debris, they are now recognized as important tools for cell-to-cell communication and for the transfer of pathogens between the cells. They have attracted particular interest in neurodegenerative diseases for their potential role in transferring prion-like proteins between neurons, and in Parkinson’s disease (PD), they have been shown to spread oligomers of α-synuclein in the brain accelerating the progression of this pathology. A potential neuroprotective role of exosomes has also been equally proposed in PD as they could limit the toxicity of α-synuclein by clearing them out of the cells. Exosomes have also attracted considerable attention for use as drug vehicles. Being nonimmunogenic in nature, they provide an unprecedented opportunity to enhance the delivery of incorporated drugs to target cells. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the potential neurotoxic and neuroprotective role of exosomes and their potential application as drug delivery systems in PD.

The potential role of the orexin reward system in future treatments for opioid drug abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 1731 ◽  
pp. 146028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Zarrabian ◽  
Esmail Riahi ◽  
Sara Karimi ◽  
Yasaman Razavi ◽  
Abbas Haghparast
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Future Treatments

Prescription drug abuse and methods of diversion: The potential role of a pharmacy network

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El‐Aneed ◽  
R. Alaghehbandan ◽  
N. Gladney ◽  
K. Collins ◽  
D. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Prescription Drug Abuse

Role of Rehabilitation Center to Reduce Drug Abuse in Reference to Birendranagar Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dhanush Chandra Pathak ◽  
Shalini Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
The Brain

The substance that changes the physical, psychological and emotional function of individual is called drug. Any one may abuse drug to feel good, forget stress, and avoid reality. Drug abuse or substance abuse means using a drug for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects on the brain. A place where people of drug addiction are treated is called rehabilitation Centre. The core objective of this study is to find out the roles of rehabilitation center to reduce drug using habit of drug abusers who are undergoing for treatment in rehabilitation center. Mixed research method was used to analyze the data from 40 male respondents of Benevolence Rehabilitation Center, Surkhet. Birendranagar valley of Nepal. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Frequency table was used to analyze the quantitative data. Roles and services of rehabilitation center had covered the different activities practices in rehabilitation center. It had covered the counseling, vocational training, meditation, realization programme, job opportunity, acceptance, programme, sympathy.

scholarly journals Kynurenic acid and cancer: facts and controversies

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Walczak ◽  
Artur Wnorowski ◽  
Waldemar A. Turski ◽  
Tomasz Plech
Keyword(s):  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolite ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan metabolite exerting neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in the brain. However, its importance on the periphery is still not fully elucidated. KYNA is produced endogenously in various types of peripheral cells, tissues and by gastrointestinal microbiota. Furthermore, it was found in several products of daily human diet and its absorption in the digestive tract was evidenced. More recent studies were focused on the potential role of KYNA in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy; however, the results were ambiguous and the biological activity of KYNA in these processes has not been unequivocally established. This review aims to summarize the current views on the relationship between KYNA and cancer. The differences in KYNA concentration between physiological conditions and cancer, as well as KYNA production by both normal and cancer cells, will be discussed. The review also describes the effect of KYNA on cancer cell proliferation and the known potential molecular mechanisms of this activity.

Cardiac Myxoma Metastasized to the Brain: Potential Role of Endogenous lnterleukin-6

Cardiology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Wada ◽  
Tsugiyasu Kanda ◽  
Rikuo Hayashi ◽  
Susumu Imai ◽  
Tadashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
The Brain

Involvement of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor and Orexin-A in Chronic Migraine and Medication-Overuse Headache: Findings From Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sarchielli ◽  
I Rainero ◽  
F Coppola ◽  
C Rossi ◽  
ML Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Brain

The study set out to investigate the role of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and orexin-A in chronic migraine (CM) and medication-overuse headache (MOH). Twenty-seven patients affected by CM and 30 with MOH were enrolled. Control CSF specimens were obtained from 20 age-matched subjects who underwent lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes, and in all of them CSF and blood tests excluded central nervous system or systemic diseases. Orexin-A and CRF were determined by radioimmunoassay methods. Significantly higher levels of orexin-A and CRF were found in the CSF of MOH and to a lesser extent in patients with CM compared with control subjects (orexin-A: P < 0.001 and P < 0.02; CRF: P < 0.002 and P < 0.0003). A significant positive correlation was also found between CSF orexin-A values and those of CRF ( R = 0.71; P < 0.0008), monthly drug intake group ( R = 0.39; P < 0.03) and scores of a self-completion 10-item instrument to measure dependence upon a variety of substances, the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) in the MOH group ( R = 0.68; P < 0.0003). The significantly higher orexin-A levels found in CM and MOH can be interpreted as a compensatory response to chronic head pain or, alternatively, as an expression of hypothalamic response to stress due to chronic pain. A potential role for orexin-A in driving drug seeking in MOH patients through activation of stress pathways in the brain can also be hypothesized.

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