Metacognitive judgments in a simulated luggage screening task

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. McCarley ◽  
Jessica Gosney
Keyword(s):  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Luggage Screening

Metacognitive Judgments in a Simulated Luggage Screening Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. McCarley ◽  
Jessica Gosney
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Search Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Baggage Screening ◽  
Luggage Screening

A pair of experiments examined the accuracy and potential role of predictive metacognitive judgments in a simulated baggage screening task. Procedure was modeled after the ease-of-learning task (Underwood, 1966). Subjects searched for knives hidden in x-ray images of passenger bags. Before performing the search task, subjects viewed each stimulus without the embedded target and rated the likelihood of finding the target if it was hidden in that image. Experiment 1 used a 2IFC search task. Experiment 2 used a speeded yes-no search procedure. Results suggest that predictive metacognitive judgments are only modestly accurate, but that the information on which such judgments are based is nonetheless used to regulate search behavior

scholarly journals Visual search behavior and performance in luggage screening: effects of time pressure, automation aid, and target expectancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rieger ◽  
Lydia Heilmann ◽  
Dietrich Manzey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
High Time ◽  
Luggage Screening ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Automated Support

AbstractVisual inspection of luggage using X-ray technology at airports is a time-sensitive task that is often supported by automated systems to increase performance and reduce workload. The present study evaluated how time pressure and automation support influence visual search behavior and performance in a simulated luggage screening task. Moreover, we also investigated how target expectancy (i.e., targets appearing in a target-often location or not) influenced performance and visual search behavior. We used a paradigm where participants used the mouse to uncover a portion of the screen which allowed us to track how much of the stimulus participants uncovered prior to their decision. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high (5-s time per trial) or a low (10-s time per trial) time-pressure condition. In half of the trials, participants were supported by an automated diagnostic aid (85% reliability) in deciding whether a threat item was present. Moreover, within each half, in target-present trials, targets appeared in a predictable location (i.e., 70% of targets appeared in the same quadrant of the image) to investigate effects of target expectancy. The results revealed better detection performance with low time pressure and faster response times with high time pressure. There was an overall negative effect of automation support because the automation was only moderately reliable. Participants also uncovered a smaller amount of the stimulus under high time pressure in target-absent trials. Target expectancy of target location improved accuracy, speed, and the amount of uncovered space needed for the search.Significance Statement Luggage screening is a safety–critical real-world visual search task which often has to be done under time pressure. The present research found that time pressure compromises performance and increases the risk to miss critical items even with automation support. Moreover, even highly reliable automated support may not improve performance if it does not exceed the manual capabilities of the human screener. Lastly, the present research also showed that heuristic search strategies (e.g., areas where targets appear more often) seem to guide attention also in luggage screening.

scholarly journals How Perceived Processing Fluency Influences the Illusion of Knowing in Learning From TV Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian A. Ryffel ◽  
Werner Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Processing Heuristic ◽  
Illusion Of Knowing

Abstract. The present two-study work aims to contribute to an understanding of the causes and consequences of perceived processing fluency. Regarding its causes, the experimental studies ( N1 = 399; N2 = 337) found that features of television reports (e.g., footage used, background music) can heighten perceptions of processing fluency. Regarding its consequences, it was found that heightened perceived fluency biases metacognitive judgments. Specifically, considering perceived knowledge in relation to actual knowledge, recipients experiencing fluency have been found to overestimate their knowledge about the issue depicted in the experimental stimuli. The resulting illusion of knowing was particularly pronounced under conditions of low involvement, indicating that the so-called ease-of-processing heuristic underlies the effect.

scholarly journals Optimistic metacognitive judgments predict poor performance in relatively complex visual tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 102781
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Levin ◽  
Gautam Biswas ◽  
Joeseph S. Lappin ◽  
Marian Rushdy ◽  
Adriane E. Seiffert
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Visual Tasks

scholarly journals Metacognition in Human Factors: The Rewards and Consequences of Repeated Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1276-1277
Author(s):  
Lisa Vangsness ◽  
Michael E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Metacognitive Assessment ◽  
Focal Task ◽  
Repeated Assessment

Recent publications have encouraged researchers to consider how metacognition affects users’ judgments of usability and workload by integrating metacognitive assessments with traditional testing paradigms. However, the repercussions of collecting these measures concurrently are unknown. We used a visual search task to determine how the frequency of metacognitive assessments affected metacognitive accuracy and performance. Frequent assessments did not impact performance on the focal task; however, they did reduce the accuracy of participants’ metacognitive judgments by about 7%. This finding suggests that researchers should consider context when selecting a metacognitive assessment strategy.

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