Identification of Soil-fertilizer Reaction Products in a Calcareous Saskatchewan Soil by Infra-red Absorption Analysis

ABSTRAK. Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.ABSTRACT. The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.

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The flame decomposition of ethyl nitrate

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1955.0222 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 232 (1190) ◽

pp. 337-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Liquid Surface ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Extensive Analysis ◽

Infra Red ◽

Reaction Zones

The decomposition flame of ethyl nitrate has been stabilized at atmospheric pressure to give a flat stationary reaction zone above the liquid surface. The reaction zones behind the flame front have been maintained free from turbulent intermixing, and gas samples have been extracted from them with fine silica probes. The samples have been subjected to extensive analysis using mainly infra-red absorption spectrometry supplemented by chemical methods. The distribution of products through the flame (~10 mm thick) has been measured quantitatively as completely as possible. Seventeen ingredients were detected. The infra-red and ultraviolet absorption and emission spectra of the flame have been recorded. A comparison of the measured temperature distribution through the flame with that calculated from the products of successive zones gives general support to the analyses. A sequence of reactions which would account for the observations has been suggested. Ethyl nitrate is destroyed mainly by reaction with NO 2 and HONO, the latter being postulated as chain carriers. A simple mode of decomposition of the radical (C 2 H 4 ONO 2 ) resulting from these reactions could give rise to the observed primary reaction products.

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