Retinotopic activity in V1 reflects the perceived and not the retinal size of an afterimage

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Sperandio ◽  
Philippe A Chouinard ◽  
Melvyn A Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Size

The retinal size of a familiar object as a determiner of apparent distance.

1957 ◽  
Vol 71 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Gogel ◽  
Bryce O. Hartman ◽  
George S. Harker
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Distance ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Retinal Size

scholarly journals The effects of illumination level and retinal size on the apparent strength of subjective contours

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Dumais ◽  
Drake R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Illumination Level ◽  
Retinal Size

Figural After-Effects, Retinal Size, and Apparent Size

1954 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Size ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
After Effects

Visual Acuity Affected by Size Perception Based on Convergence Cue

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
H Shinoda ◽  
M Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Convergence Angle ◽  
Threshold Size

Increasing (or decreasing) the convergence angle can shrink (or expand) the perceived size of an object without changing its retinal size (Oyama, 1974 Perception & Psychophysics16 175 – 182). Here we address the question whether such a change in perceived size affects visual acuity. We investigated the effects of perceived size on the legibility of letters, using a telestereoscope consisting of four mirrors to control the observer's convergence angle while keeping the size of the retinal image constant. The targets were photocopies of ordinary Japanese books containing both types of Japanese characters, kana and kanji. The former is a phonetic character and simpler than the latter. Letters were printed in black on white paper. First, we demonstrated that letters do become more legible (illegible) as perceived size expands (shrinks), although their retinal size does not change. Then, we measured the size of the convergence angle at which letters became legible. The ‘threshold’ size of the convergence angle was obtained for several retinal sizes (0.1 to 0.2 deg) of letters, and for kana and kanji, respectively. Four subjects participated in the experiment. The result shows that the threshold convergence angle for legibility decreases as the retinal size of letters decreases, so that the minimum retinal size of legible letters depends linearly on the convergence angle. The results implicate contributions from higher levels of the visual system to the determination of visual acuity.

Some Effects of Perceived Size, Retinal Size, and Retinal Speed on Duration of Spiral Aftereffect

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Mehling ◽  
William E. Collins ◽  
David J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Size ◽  
Stimulus Speed

Measures of perceived size, perceived distance, and perceived stimulus speed of rotating spirals were obtained in addition to the duration of the spiral aftereffect. Two major conditions were used: Size Constant—a 4-in. spiral was positioned to subtend visual angles of 1/2°, 1°, 2°, 4°, or 8° with 7 rates of retinal speed (10-100 minarcs/sec.) used at each angle; Angle Constant —3 sizes of spirals were positioned so that each subtended visual angles of 2°, 4°, and 8° with physical speed held constant (75 rpm) in one case and retinal speed (45 minarcs/sec.) held constant in another. SAE durations were significantly affected by low retinal speeds, by small visual angles and by perceived size per unit of retinal size.

The Effect of Retinal Size on the Perception of Distance in Photographs

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6593 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takezawa
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Size

scholarly journals A surprising influence of retinal size on disparity-defined distance judgments

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lugtigheid ◽  
A. Welchman
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Size ◽  
Distance Judgments

scholarly journals WHICH DETERMINES FIGURAL AFTER-EFFECT, RETINAL SIZE OR APPARENT SIZE?

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
TADASU OYAMA ◽  
SHIGERU ICHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Size ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
After Effect

Bigness Is in the Eye of the Beholder

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley N. Roscoe
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
Autonomic Balance ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Moon Illusion ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Invariance Hypothesis ◽  
Visual Accommodation ◽  
Dark Focus

This report reviews an investigation of judgments of size and distance as required of pilots in flight. The experiments covered a broad spectrum of basic psychophysiological issues involving the measurement of visual accommodation and its correlation with various other dependent variables. Psychophysiological issues investigated included the size-distance invariance hypothesis, the projection of afterimages, the moon illusion, night and empty-field myopia, the dark focus and its so-called Mandelbaum effect, the nature and locus of the accommodative stimulus, the relation between accommodation, retinal size, and perceived size, and possible relationships among accommodative responses, autonomic balance, and personality variables.

Retinal Size in the Visual Cliff Situation

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-911
Author(s):  
John W. Somervill ◽  
Sara Sharratt
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
Shallow Side

300 one-day-old chicks were used in two experiments. Exp. I was designed to test an hypothesis that unequal retinal size is an insufficient cue for depth discrimination in a visual cliff situation. One group of Ss was exposed to mirrors on deep and shallow sides which reflected only their image and a white ceiling. A second group was exposed to white patterns, and a third to stripe patterns equated for retinal size. No significant preferences were found. No conclusions were made regarding the cue of unequal retinal size. In Exp. II, motion parallax was maximized by the use of three-dimensional patterns. One group was exposed to 3-D patterns equated for retinal size, a second to 2-D patterns unequated, and a third to 3-D patterns unequated. A significant preference for the shallow side was found only for the first group. Results of both experiments suggested that the total size of the pattern areas was too small to permit consistent depth discrimination. Implications for studies attempting to define thresholds were discussed.

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