scholarly journals Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

Author(s):  
Gurdeep Matharu Lall ◽  
Maarten H. D. Larmuseau ◽  
Jon H. Wetton ◽  
Chiara Batini ◽  
Pille Hallast ◽  
...  

Abstract The influence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We find three specifically Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; star-like features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian influence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are significantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-specific contribution, or the influence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
Mark Seielstad ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
David Comas ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
David Comas ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
Elena Bosch ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Tamara Kačar ◽  
Gorana Stamenković ◽  
Jelena Blagojević ◽  
Jovica Krtinić ◽  
Dragan Mijović ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Ge ◽  
Bruce Budowle ◽  
John V. Planz ◽  
Arthur J. Eisenberg ◽  
Jack Ballantyne ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bosch ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
Fabrício R. Santos ◽  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
David Comas ◽  
...  

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009758
Author(s):  
Sofie Claerhout ◽  
Paulien Verstraete ◽  
Liesbeth Warnez ◽  
Simon Vanpaemel ◽  
Maarten Larmuseau ◽  
...  

Male-specific Y-chromosome (chrY) polymorphisms are interesting components of the DNA for population genetics. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) indicate distant evolutionary ancestry, short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are able to identify close familial kinships. Detailed chrY analysis provides thus both biogeographical background information as paternal lineage identification. The rapid advancement of high-throughput massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology in the past decade has revolutionized genetic research. Using MPS, single-base information of both Y-SNPs as Y-STRs can be analyzed in a single assay typing multiple samples at once. In this study, we present the first extensive chrY-specific targeted resequencing panel, the ‘CSYseq’, which simultaneously identifies slow mutating Y-SNPs as evolution markers and rapid mutating Y-STRs as patrilineage markers. The panel was validated by paired-end sequencing of 130 males, distributed over 65 deep-rooted pedigrees covering 1,279 generations. The CSYseq successfully targets 15,611 Y-SNPs including 9,014 phylogenetic informative Y-SNPs to identify 1,443 human evolutionary Y-subhaplogroup lineages worldwide. In addition, the CSYseq properly targets 202 Y-STRs, including 81 slow, 68 moderate, 27 fast and 26 rapid mutating Y-STRs to individualize close paternal relatives. The targeted chrY markers cover a high average number of reads (Y-SNP = 717, Y-STR = 150), easy interpretation, powerful discrimination capacity and chrY specificity. The CSYseq is interesting for research on different time scales: to identify evolutionary ancestry, to find distant family and to discriminate closely related males. Therefore, this panel serves as a unique tool valuable for a wide range of genetic-genealogical applications in interdisciplinary research within evolutionary, population, molecular, medical and forensic genetics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Elif Mertoglu ◽  
Gonul Filoglu ◽  
Tolga Zorlu ◽  
Ozlem Bulbul

Abstract Background: The Non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome (NRY) is transferred from father to son in an unchanged form without recombination in meiosis. Since Short tandem repeats on Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) in this region do not have any recombination, these regions are identical in all male individuals who are related to the father except for mutations. Therefore, these regions gain importance in identification for the forensic sciences or determination of paternity. In determination of paternity, if mismatches are observed between father and child, population-specific mutation rates should be used to determine whether it is a mutation or a true exclusion. Therefore in this study, we aim to determine the mutation rates of 17 Y-STR loci in Turkey. Material and methods: 17 Y-STR loci were typed by using AmpFlSTR® Yfiler™ Kit in 90 volunteer father-son pairs. Mutation rates were calculated and compared with other populations. Results: The mutations were found between three father-son pairs at DYS439 and DYS458 loci. In addition, a duplication in DYS389 II loci* 30, 31 was observed. The average mutation rate was determined as 1.96×10−3 for Turkish population. Conclusion: This investigation will contribute to minimize the possibility of false exclusion of the father-son and kinship relations.


2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Rangel-Villalobos ◽  
Ana Rebeca Jaloma-Cruz ◽  
Lucila Sandoval-Ramı́rez ◽  
Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix ◽  
Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola ◽  
...  

Transfusion ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueng-Mei Liu ◽  
Pei-Shan Chen ◽  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Jau-Yi Lyou ◽  
Hui-Yu Hu ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gerard Lucotte ◽  
Peter Hrechdakian

This paper describes the findings of the complete reconstruction of the lineage Y chromosome haplotype of the French Emperor Napoléon I. In a previous study (Lucotte et al., 2013) we reconstructed, for more than one hundred Y-STRs (Y–short tandem repeats), the Y-chromosome haplotype of Napoléon I based on data comparing STR allelic values obtained from the DNA of two of his living descendants: Charles Napoléon (C.N.) and Alexandre Colonna Walewski (A.C.W.); in the present study we compare STR allelic values of C.N. and A.C.W. to those of Mike Clovis (M.C.), a living fifth generation descendant of Lucien (one of Napoléon’s brothers). When compared between M.C., C.N. and A.C.W., STR allelic values are identical for a total of 93 STRs; that permits us to propose those values, for which the three living descendants are identical, as expected allelic values of Napoléon I’s Y-chromosome haplotype. For seven STRs, allele values are variable between M.C., C.N. and A.C.W.; we propose for three of them (DYS442, DYS454 and DYS712) expected allelic values, based on data concerning the allele distributions of these STRs in the population.


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