Adaptive stimulus selection for consolidation in the hippocampus

AbstractComparing models facilitates testing different hypotheses regarding the computational basis of perception and action. Effective model comparison requires stimuli for which models make different predictions. Typically, experiments use a predetermined set of stimuli or sample stimuli randomly. Both methods have limitations; a predetermined set may not contain stimuli that dissociate the models whereas random sampling may be inefficient. To overcome these limitations, we expanded the psi-algorithm (Kontsevich & Tyler, 1999) from estimating the parameters of a psychometric curve to distinguishing models. To test our algorithm, we applied it to two distinct problems. First, we investigated dissociating sensory noise models. We simulated ideal observers with different noise models performing a 2-afc task. Stimuli were selected randomly or using our algorithm. We found using our algorithm improved the accuracy of model comparison. We also validated the algorithm in subjects by inferring which noise model underlies speed perception. Our algorithm converged quickly to the model previously proposed (Stocker & Simoncelli, 2006), whereas if stimuli were selected randomly model probabilities separated slower and sometimes supported alternative models. Second, we applied our algorithm to a different problem; comparing models of target selection under body acceleration. Previous work found target choice preference is modulated by whole body acceleration (Rincon-Gonzalez et al., 2016). However, the effect is subtle making model comparison difficult. We show that selecting stimuli adaptively could have led to stronger conclusions in model comparison. We conclude that our technique is more efficient and more reliable than current methods of stimulus selection for dissociating models.Data AvailabilityAll data and code will be posted on our institutional repository system following acceptance. In the meantime feel free to contact the authors if you would like any of the code.

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Adaptive stimulus selection for multi-alternative psychometric functions with lapses

10.1101/260976 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Hyun Bak ◽

Jonathan W. Pillow

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Stimulus Selection ◽

Selection Methods ◽

Computationally Efficient ◽

Information Theoretic ◽

Building Models ◽

Speed Up ◽

Selection For ◽

Regression Mixture ◽

External Stimuli

Psychometric functions (PFs) quantify how external stimuli affect behavior and play an important role in building models of sensory and cognitive processes. Adaptive stimulus selection methods seek to select stimuli that are maximally informative about the PF given data observed so far in an experiment and thereby reduce the number of trials required to estimate the PF. Here we develop new adaptive stimulus selection methods for flexible PF models in tasks with two or more alternatives. We model the PF with a multinomial logistic regression mixture model that incorporates realistic aspects of psychophysical behavior, including lapses and multiple alternatives for the response. We propose an information-theoretic criterion for stimulus selection and develop computationally efficient methods for inference and stimulus selection based on semi-adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. We apply these methods to data from macaque monkeys performing a multi-alternative motion discrimination task, and show in simulated experiments that our method can achieve a substantial speed-up over random designs. These advances will reduce the data needed to build accurate models of multi-alternative PFs and can be extended to high-dimensional PFs that would be infeasible to characterize with standard methods.

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Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 1000-1009

Author(s):

Allison Bean ◽

Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽

Samantha Lyle

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

School Age Children ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

School Based ◽

Selection For ◽

Nonverbal Children ◽

Grammatical Structures ◽

Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

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Teaching Partners to Support Communication for Adults with Acquired Communication Impairment

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac22.1.4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 4-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laura J. Ball ◽

Joanne Lasker

Keyword(s):

Practice Patterns ◽

Communicative Competence ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Communication Impairment ◽

Communication Partner ◽

Communication Partners ◽

Selection For ◽

Communication Needs ◽

End Of Life Communication ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract For adults with acquired communication impairment, particularly those who have communication disorders associated with stroke or neurodegenerative disease, communication partners play an important role in establishing and maintaining communicative competence. In this paper, we assemble some evidence on this topic and integrate it with current preferred practice patterns (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004). Our goals are to help speech-language pathologists (SLPs) identify and describe partner-based communication strategies for adults with acquired impairment, implement evidence-based approaches for teaching strategies to communication partners, and employ a Personnel Framework (Binger et al., 2012) to clarify partners? roles in acquiring and supporting communication tools for individuals with acquired impairments. We offer specific guidance about AAC techniques and message selection for communication partners involved with chronic, degenerative, and end of life communication. We discuss research and provide examples of communication partner supports for person(s) with aphasia and person(s) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who have complex communication needs.

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Patient selection for Port-Access? multi vessel revascularization

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00268-7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. S43-S47 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G WIMMERGREINECKER

Keyword(s):

Patient Selection ◽

Port Access ◽

Selection For

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431 Echocardiographic screening in patient selection for cardiac resyncronisation therapy: short-term results

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-4215(05)80273-5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 99-99

Keyword(s):

Patient Selection ◽

Short Term ◽

Selection For

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Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 177-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Schultze ◽

Michael Eid

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Selection Procedure ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Item Selection ◽

Ant System ◽

Item Quality ◽

Ant System Algorithm ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

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