Chapter 5. Potential synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes

A total of 522 Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates from diverse sources were collected from January 2002 to December 2003 in Taiwan in order to understand the serotype distribution of invasive isolates in Taiwan. The most frequently isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were types 14 (18.4 %), 23F (15.1 %), 3 (13.8 %), 19F (13.4 %), 6B (8.2 %), 9V (3.6 %) and 4 (2.5 %). The majority of cases were either under 5 years of age (24.1 %) or older than 65 years (36.6 %). Serotype distribution in adults aged over 14 years and children aged under 2 years was similar, except for that of type 3, which was more prevalent in adults. Penicillin-non-susceptible strains accounted for 67.7 % of all strains and were the predominant strains of serotypes 23F, 19F, 6B and 14. Most strains were susceptible to cephem drug, 85.7 % of isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime and 92.9 % were susceptible to ceftriaxone. A total of 72.6 % (379/522) of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics. The 23-valent vaccine in the current commercial market would cover 87.2 % of the serotypes and 100 % of the penicillin-non-susceptible serotypes of S. pneumoniae in Taiwan. The coverage of 7- and 11-valent protein conjugate vaccines of the serotypes in children under 2 years of age would be 78.8 and 86.5 %, respectively. These results will help to assess the adequacy of the vaccine formulations marketed in Taiwan.

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Antimicrobial resistance in paediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates amid global implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

The Lancet Microbe ◽

10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00064-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin Andrejko ◽

Buddhika Ratnasiri ◽

William P Hausdorff ◽

Ramanan Laxminarayan ◽

Joseph A Lewnard

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

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Acute Mastoiditis in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00289-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 1189-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sharon Ovnat Tamir ◽

Yehudah Roth ◽

Ilan Dalal ◽

Abraham Goldfarb ◽

Tal Marom

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Acute Mastoiditis ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Cultures ◽

Middle Ear Fluid

ABSTRACTFollowing the introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, we observed an inverse relationship between the increasing rate of immunized children and the proportion of middle ear fluid cultures collected during acute mastoiditis episodes that tested positive forStreptococcus pneumoniaeamong a subset of children 0 to 6 years old who had initially presented with severe acute otitis media and had bacterial cultures collected during tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea.

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Evaluating post-vaccine expansion patterns of pneumococcal serotypes

10.1101/2020.05.31.20116228 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maile T. Phillips ◽

Joshua L. Warren ◽

Noga Givon-Lavi ◽

Adrienn Tothpal ◽

Gili Regev-Yochay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Jewish Population ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Vaccine Serotypes ◽

Serotype Replacement ◽

Disease Understanding

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective but target only a fraction of the more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes. As a result, the introduction of PCVs has been followed by the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. With higher-valency PCVs currently under development, there is a need to understand and predict patterns of serotype replacement to anticipate future changes. In this study, we evaluated patterns of change in serotype prevalence post-PCV introduction in Israel. We found that the assumption that non-vaccine serotypes increase by the same proportion overestimates changes in serotype prevalence in Jewish and Bedouin children. Furthermore, pre-vaccine prevalence was positively associated with increases in prevalence over the study period. From our analyses, serotypes 12F, 8, 16F, 33F, 9N, 7B, 10A, 22F, 24F, and 17F were estimated to have gained the most cases of invasive pneumococcal disease through serotype replacement in the Jewish population. However, this model also failed to quantify some additional cases gained, suggesting that changes in carriage in children alone may be insufficient to explain serotype replacement in disease. Understanding of serotype replacement is important as higher-valency vaccines are introduced.

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SEROTYPING OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM CHILDREN IN URAL REGION WITH THE USE OF MULTIPLEX PCR

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.17816/eid40701 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

E. V. Samatova ◽

A. E. Druy ◽

G. A. Tsaur ◽

L. G. Boronina

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Ural Region ◽

Coincidence Rate ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Conjugate Vaccines

This article presents results of the multiplex PCR investigation of the serotypes distribution of S. pneumoniae strains circulating in Ekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region. This study was performed in children with invasive, noninvasive pneumococcal infections and carriers. 118 strains of pneumococci typed out of 129 ones (91.5%) referred to the 15 serotypes: 6A, 6B (20,8%); 23F (13,9%); 19F (11,5%); 8, 9V, 9A, 11F, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 12F, 15A, 33F (11,5%); 3 (10%) 2, 15F, 17F, 22F, 23B (3,9%); 18B, 18C (3.9%), 19A (3,2%); 7F, 19B, 19C, 23A (3,2%); 5,10A (1.6%), 20 (1.6%), 14 (1, 6%); 9L, 9N, 15B, 15C (1,6%); 18F (1,6%); 18A (1.6%). Coincidence rate of serotypes S. pneumoniae, isolated from children with chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the lung with serotypes included into the content of the conjugate vaccines is: 7-valent - 69.3%, 10-valent - 98.2%, 11 - and 13-valent - 100%.

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